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Property / author: Giuseppe Di Maio / rank | |||
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Property / author: Ljubiša D. R. Kočinac / rank | |||
Property / author | |||
Property / author: Giuseppe Di Maio / rank | |||
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Property / author | |||
Property / author: Ljubiša D. R. Kočinac / rank | |||
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Property / review text | |||
Let \(\mathcal{A}\) and \(\mathcal{B}\) be families of sets, with \(\emptyset \notin \mathcal{A}\). The \textit{selection principles} \(S_1(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{B})\) and \(S_{\mathrm{fin}}(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{B})\) are stated as follows: \(S_1(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{B})\) declares that for every sequence \(\langle \mathcal{A}_n: n < \omega \rangle\) of elements of \(\mathcal{A}\) there is a sequence \(\langle B_n: n < \omega\rangle\) such that \(B_n \in \mathcal{A}_n\) for all \(n < \omega\) and \(\{B_n: n < \omega\} \in \mathcal{B}\). \(S_{\mathrm{fin}}(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{B})\) declares that for every sequence \(\langle \mathcal{A}_n: n < \omega \rangle\) of elements of \(\mathcal{A}\) there is a sequence \(\langle \mathcal{B}_n: n < \omega\rangle\) such that \(\mathcal{B}_n\) is a finite subset of \(\mathcal{A}_n\) for all \(n < \omega\) and \(\bigcup\{\mathcal{B}_n: n < \omega\} \in \mathcal{B}\). These selection principles are related to classical covering properties of Rothberger, Menger and Hurewicz. Let \(\mathcal{O}_X\) denote the family of all open covers of a topological space \(X\). \(X\) is said to be a \textit{Rothberger space} if \(S_1(\mathcal{O}_X,\mathcal{O}_X)\) holds, and it is said to be a \textit{Menger space} if \(S_{\mathrm{fin}}(\mathcal{O}_X,\mathcal{O}_X)\) holds. In the paper under review, the authors introduce a number of weaker forms of these classical covering properties. Let \(\mathcal{\overline{O}}\) be the family of all collections of open sets \(\mathcal{U}\) such that \(\{\overline{U}: U \in \mathcal{U}\}\) covers \(X\), and let \(\mathcal{O}_D\) be the family of all collections of open sets \(\mathcal{U}\) such that \(\bigcup \mathcal{U}\) is a dense subset of \(X\). \(X\) is \textit{almost Rothberger (almost Menger)} if \(S_1(\mathcal{O}_X, \mathcal{\overline{O}})\) (respectively, \(S_{\mathrm{fin}}(\mathcal{O}_X, \mathcal{\overline{O}})\)) holds. \(X\) is \textit{weakly Rothberger (weakly Menger)} if \(S_1(\mathcal{O}_X, \mathcal{O}_D)\) (respectively, \(S_{\mathrm{fin}}(\mathcal{O}_X, \mathcal{O}_D)\)) holds. \(X\) is \textit{weakly Hurewicz} if for every sequence \(\langle \mathcal{U}_n: n < \omega\rangle\) of open covers of \(X\) there is a sequence \(\langle \mathcal{V}_n: n < \omega\rangle\) such that \(\mathcal{V}_n\) is a finite subset of \(\mathcal{U}_n\) for all \(n < \omega\) and every point of \(X\) belongs to \(\overline{\bigcup \mathcal{V}_n}\) for all but finitely many of \(n < \omega\). \(X\) is \textit{quasi-Rothberger} if for every closed set \(F \subseteq X\) and for every sequence \(\langle \mathcal{U}_n: n < \omega\rangle\) of covers of \(F\) by open sets in \(X\) there is a sequence \(\langle U_n: n < \omega\rangle\) such that \(U_n \in \mathcal{U}_n\) for all \(n < \omega\) and \(F \subseteq \overline{\bigcup\limits_{n < \omega} U_n}\). \(X\) is \textit{quasi-Menger} if for every closed set \(F \subseteq X\) and for every sequence \(\langle \mathcal{U}_n: n < \omega\rangle\) of covers of \(F\) by open sets in \(X\) there is a sequence \(\langle \mathcal{V}_n: n < \omega\rangle\) such that \(\mathcal{V}_n\) is a finite subset of \(\mathcal{U}_n\) for all \(n < \omega\) and \(F \subseteq \overline{\bigcup\limits_{n < \omega} \bigcup \mathcal{V}_n}\). The main results of the paper are the following: \noindent (i) Every hereditarily separable space is quasi-Rothberger. \noindent (ii) If a Lindelöf space is the union of less than \(\mathfrak{d}\) \(H\)-closed subspaces, then \(X\) is almost Menger. \noindent (iii) If a Lindelöf space is the union of less than \(\mathfrak{b}\) \(H\)-closed subspaces, then \(X\) is weakly Hurewicz. Recall that a topological space \(X\) is said to be \textit{\(H\)-closed} if every open cover of \(X\) contains a finite subfamily whose union is dense in \(X\); restricted to the class of Hausdorff spaces, \(H\)-spaces are precisely those which are closed in every Hausdorff space containing them. \noindent \((iv)\) A number of examples are presented (in order to show that these weaker forms are different from each other), e.g.\,: there are quasi-Rothberger spaces which are not Rothberger; there is a weakly Menger space wich is neither almost Menger nor quasi-Menger; there is an almost Rothberger space which is not quasi-Rothberger. | |||
Property / review text: Let \(\mathcal{A}\) and \(\mathcal{B}\) be families of sets, with \(\emptyset \notin \mathcal{A}\). The \textit{selection principles} \(S_1(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{B})\) and \(S_{\mathrm{fin}}(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{B})\) are stated as follows: \(S_1(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{B})\) declares that for every sequence \(\langle \mathcal{A}_n: n < \omega \rangle\) of elements of \(\mathcal{A}\) there is a sequence \(\langle B_n: n < \omega\rangle\) such that \(B_n \in \mathcal{A}_n\) for all \(n < \omega\) and \(\{B_n: n < \omega\} \in \mathcal{B}\). \(S_{\mathrm{fin}}(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{B})\) declares that for every sequence \(\langle \mathcal{A}_n: n < \omega \rangle\) of elements of \(\mathcal{A}\) there is a sequence \(\langle \mathcal{B}_n: n < \omega\rangle\) such that \(\mathcal{B}_n\) is a finite subset of \(\mathcal{A}_n\) for all \(n < \omega\) and \(\bigcup\{\mathcal{B}_n: n < \omega\} \in \mathcal{B}\). These selection principles are related to classical covering properties of Rothberger, Menger and Hurewicz. Let \(\mathcal{O}_X\) denote the family of all open covers of a topological space \(X\). \(X\) is said to be a \textit{Rothberger space} if \(S_1(\mathcal{O}_X,\mathcal{O}_X)\) holds, and it is said to be a \textit{Menger space} if \(S_{\mathrm{fin}}(\mathcal{O}_X,\mathcal{O}_X)\) holds. In the paper under review, the authors introduce a number of weaker forms of these classical covering properties. Let \(\mathcal{\overline{O}}\) be the family of all collections of open sets \(\mathcal{U}\) such that \(\{\overline{U}: U \in \mathcal{U}\}\) covers \(X\), and let \(\mathcal{O}_D\) be the family of all collections of open sets \(\mathcal{U}\) such that \(\bigcup \mathcal{U}\) is a dense subset of \(X\). \(X\) is \textit{almost Rothberger (almost Menger)} if \(S_1(\mathcal{O}_X, \mathcal{\overline{O}})\) (respectively, \(S_{\mathrm{fin}}(\mathcal{O}_X, \mathcal{\overline{O}})\)) holds. \(X\) is \textit{weakly Rothberger (weakly Menger)} if \(S_1(\mathcal{O}_X, \mathcal{O}_D)\) (respectively, \(S_{\mathrm{fin}}(\mathcal{O}_X, \mathcal{O}_D)\)) holds. \(X\) is \textit{weakly Hurewicz} if for every sequence \(\langle \mathcal{U}_n: n < \omega\rangle\) of open covers of \(X\) there is a sequence \(\langle \mathcal{V}_n: n < \omega\rangle\) such that \(\mathcal{V}_n\) is a finite subset of \(\mathcal{U}_n\) for all \(n < \omega\) and every point of \(X\) belongs to \(\overline{\bigcup \mathcal{V}_n}\) for all but finitely many of \(n < \omega\). \(X\) is \textit{quasi-Rothberger} if for every closed set \(F \subseteq X\) and for every sequence \(\langle \mathcal{U}_n: n < \omega\rangle\) of covers of \(F\) by open sets in \(X\) there is a sequence \(\langle U_n: n < \omega\rangle\) such that \(U_n \in \mathcal{U}_n\) for all \(n < \omega\) and \(F \subseteq \overline{\bigcup\limits_{n < \omega} U_n}\). \(X\) is \textit{quasi-Menger} if for every closed set \(F \subseteq X\) and for every sequence \(\langle \mathcal{U}_n: n < \omega\rangle\) of covers of \(F\) by open sets in \(X\) there is a sequence \(\langle \mathcal{V}_n: n < \omega\rangle\) such that \(\mathcal{V}_n\) is a finite subset of \(\mathcal{U}_n\) for all \(n < \omega\) and \(F \subseteq \overline{\bigcup\limits_{n < \omega} \bigcup \mathcal{V}_n}\). The main results of the paper are the following: \noindent (i) Every hereditarily separable space is quasi-Rothberger. \noindent (ii) If a Lindelöf space is the union of less than \(\mathfrak{d}\) \(H\)-closed subspaces, then \(X\) is almost Menger. \noindent (iii) If a Lindelöf space is the union of less than \(\mathfrak{b}\) \(H\)-closed subspaces, then \(X\) is weakly Hurewicz. Recall that a topological space \(X\) is said to be \textit{\(H\)-closed} if every open cover of \(X\) contains a finite subfamily whose union is dense in \(X\); restricted to the class of Hausdorff spaces, \(H\)-spaces are precisely those which are closed in every Hausdorff space containing them. \noindent \((iv)\) A number of examples are presented (in order to show that these weaker forms are different from each other), e.g.\,: there are quasi-Rothberger spaces which are not Rothberger; there is a weakly Menger space wich is neither almost Menger nor quasi-Menger; there is an almost Rothberger space which is not quasi-Rothberger. / rank | |||
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Property / reviewed by | |||
Property / reviewed by: Samuel Gomes da Silva / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID | |||
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 54D20 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID | |||
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 54D10 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID | |||
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 54E20 / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH DE Number | |||
Property / zbMATH DE Number: 6361147 / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
selection principles | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: selection principles / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
weakly Menger | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: weakly Menger / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
almost Menger | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: almost Menger / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
quasi-Menger | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: quasi-Menger / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
Alster space | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: Alster space / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
\(\gamma\)-\(k\)-space | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: \(\gamma\)-\(k\)-space / rank | |||
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Property / MaRDI profile type | |||
Property / MaRDI profile type: MaRDI publication profile / rank | |||
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Property / full work available at URL | |||
Property / full work available at URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2014.08.024 / rank | |||
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Property / OpenAlex ID | |||
Property / OpenAlex ID: W2070620196 / rank | |||
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Property / cites work | |||
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links / mardi / name | links / mardi / name | ||
Latest revision as of 04:44, 9 July 2024
scientific article
Language | Label | Description | Also known as |
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English | A note on quasi-Menger and similar spaces |
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A note on quasi-Menger and similar spaces (English)
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24 October 2014
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Let \(\mathcal{A}\) and \(\mathcal{B}\) be families of sets, with \(\emptyset \notin \mathcal{A}\). The \textit{selection principles} \(S_1(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{B})\) and \(S_{\mathrm{fin}}(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{B})\) are stated as follows: \(S_1(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{B})\) declares that for every sequence \(\langle \mathcal{A}_n: n < \omega \rangle\) of elements of \(\mathcal{A}\) there is a sequence \(\langle B_n: n < \omega\rangle\) such that \(B_n \in \mathcal{A}_n\) for all \(n < \omega\) and \(\{B_n: n < \omega\} \in \mathcal{B}\). \(S_{\mathrm{fin}}(\mathcal{A},\mathcal{B})\) declares that for every sequence \(\langle \mathcal{A}_n: n < \omega \rangle\) of elements of \(\mathcal{A}\) there is a sequence \(\langle \mathcal{B}_n: n < \omega\rangle\) such that \(\mathcal{B}_n\) is a finite subset of \(\mathcal{A}_n\) for all \(n < \omega\) and \(\bigcup\{\mathcal{B}_n: n < \omega\} \in \mathcal{B}\). These selection principles are related to classical covering properties of Rothberger, Menger and Hurewicz. Let \(\mathcal{O}_X\) denote the family of all open covers of a topological space \(X\). \(X\) is said to be a \textit{Rothberger space} if \(S_1(\mathcal{O}_X,\mathcal{O}_X)\) holds, and it is said to be a \textit{Menger space} if \(S_{\mathrm{fin}}(\mathcal{O}_X,\mathcal{O}_X)\) holds. In the paper under review, the authors introduce a number of weaker forms of these classical covering properties. Let \(\mathcal{\overline{O}}\) be the family of all collections of open sets \(\mathcal{U}\) such that \(\{\overline{U}: U \in \mathcal{U}\}\) covers \(X\), and let \(\mathcal{O}_D\) be the family of all collections of open sets \(\mathcal{U}\) such that \(\bigcup \mathcal{U}\) is a dense subset of \(X\). \(X\) is \textit{almost Rothberger (almost Menger)} if \(S_1(\mathcal{O}_X, \mathcal{\overline{O}})\) (respectively, \(S_{\mathrm{fin}}(\mathcal{O}_X, \mathcal{\overline{O}})\)) holds. \(X\) is \textit{weakly Rothberger (weakly Menger)} if \(S_1(\mathcal{O}_X, \mathcal{O}_D)\) (respectively, \(S_{\mathrm{fin}}(\mathcal{O}_X, \mathcal{O}_D)\)) holds. \(X\) is \textit{weakly Hurewicz} if for every sequence \(\langle \mathcal{U}_n: n < \omega\rangle\) of open covers of \(X\) there is a sequence \(\langle \mathcal{V}_n: n < \omega\rangle\) such that \(\mathcal{V}_n\) is a finite subset of \(\mathcal{U}_n\) for all \(n < \omega\) and every point of \(X\) belongs to \(\overline{\bigcup \mathcal{V}_n}\) for all but finitely many of \(n < \omega\). \(X\) is \textit{quasi-Rothberger} if for every closed set \(F \subseteq X\) and for every sequence \(\langle \mathcal{U}_n: n < \omega\rangle\) of covers of \(F\) by open sets in \(X\) there is a sequence \(\langle U_n: n < \omega\rangle\) such that \(U_n \in \mathcal{U}_n\) for all \(n < \omega\) and \(F \subseteq \overline{\bigcup\limits_{n < \omega} U_n}\). \(X\) is \textit{quasi-Menger} if for every closed set \(F \subseteq X\) and for every sequence \(\langle \mathcal{U}_n: n < \omega\rangle\) of covers of \(F\) by open sets in \(X\) there is a sequence \(\langle \mathcal{V}_n: n < \omega\rangle\) such that \(\mathcal{V}_n\) is a finite subset of \(\mathcal{U}_n\) for all \(n < \omega\) and \(F \subseteq \overline{\bigcup\limits_{n < \omega} \bigcup \mathcal{V}_n}\). The main results of the paper are the following: \noindent (i) Every hereditarily separable space is quasi-Rothberger. \noindent (ii) If a Lindelöf space is the union of less than \(\mathfrak{d}\) \(H\)-closed subspaces, then \(X\) is almost Menger. \noindent (iii) If a Lindelöf space is the union of less than \(\mathfrak{b}\) \(H\)-closed subspaces, then \(X\) is weakly Hurewicz. Recall that a topological space \(X\) is said to be \textit{\(H\)-closed} if every open cover of \(X\) contains a finite subfamily whose union is dense in \(X\); restricted to the class of Hausdorff spaces, \(H\)-spaces are precisely those which are closed in every Hausdorff space containing them. \noindent \((iv)\) A number of examples are presented (in order to show that these weaker forms are different from each other), e.g.\,: there are quasi-Rothberger spaces which are not Rothberger; there is a weakly Menger space wich is neither almost Menger nor quasi-Menger; there is an almost Rothberger space which is not quasi-Rothberger.
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selection principles
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weakly Menger
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almost Menger
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quasi-Menger
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Alster space
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\(\gamma\)-\(k\)-space
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