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Let \(G\) be a group. Except the lower central filtration \(G^{(1)}=G\), \(G^{(i)}=[G,G^{(i-1)}]\) for \(i\geq 2\), there are defined the filtrations: For a prime number \(p\) let \(G_{(1,p)}=G\) and for \(i\geq 2\) let \[ G_{(i,p)}=(G_{([i/p],p)})^p\prod_{j+\ell=i}[G_{(j,p)},G_{(\ell,p)}]. \] Also let \(G^{(1,p)}=G\) and for \(i\geq 2\) let \(G^{(i,p)}=(G^{(i-1,p)})^p[G,G^{(i-1,p)}]\). In the present paper the author gives a general method of construction of filtrations for a free group \(S\), where each term of the filtrations is interpreted as the intersection of kernels of families of homomorphisms. Before stating the main result some notation and terminology is necessary. Let \(A\) be a (non empty) set and \(R\) be a unital commutative ring, then the Magnus algebra \(R\langle\langle X_A\rangle\rangle\) over \(R\) is the ring of all formal power series \(\sum_{I\in A^*}c_IX_I\) , where the ``indices'' \(I\) are finite sequences of elements of \(A\), \(c_I\in R\) and \(X_I\) denotes the formal product \(X_{a_1}X_{a_2}\cdots X_{a_t}\) for \(I=(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_t)\). It is well known that if \(S\) is the free group on the finite basis \(A\), then the map \(\Lambda_{R,A}\colon S\to R\langle\langle X_A\rangle\rangle^\times\), defined by \(\Lambda_{R,A}(a)=1+X_a\) for \(a\in A\), is a monomorphism. Let \(\mathcal J=(J_k)^{n-1}_{k=0}\) be a sequence of ideals in \(R\) such that \(R=J_0\supseteq J_1\supseteq\cdots\supseteq J_{n-1}\) and \(J_kJ_l\subseteq J_{k+l}\) for every \(k,l\geq 0\) with \(k+l\leq n-1\). Let \(T_{n,1}(\mathcal J)\) be the set of all \(n\times n\) strictly upper triangular matrices with entries in \(J_1\) and let \(U_n(\mathcal L)=I_n+T_{n,1}(\mathcal J)\) the set of upper triangular matrices with 1 in the main diagonal. Let \(\theta\colon R_0\to R\) be a homomorphism of unital commutative rings. Let \(L_{\mathcal J}\) be the set of all power series \(\sum_Ic_IX_I\) in \(R_0\langle\langle X_A\rangle\rangle\) such that \(c_\emptyset=1\) and \(\theta(c_I)\in\text{Ann}_R(J_t)\), the annihilator of \(J_t\) in \(R\), for every sequence \(I\) of length \(1\leq t<n\). For two groups \(H,G\) let \(\mathrm{KerInt}(H,G)=\bigcap\{\mathrm{Ker}(\varphi)\mid\varphi\colon H\to G\text{ homomorphism}\}\). Theorem: Suppose that \(J_t=d^tR\), \(t=0,1,\ldots,n-1\), for some \(d\in R\). Then \(\Lambda^{-1}_{R_0,A}(L_{\mathcal J})=\mathrm{KerInt}(S,U_n(\mathcal J))\). The theorem above has many interesting applications which cover previously known results. Here are quoted some of them. Let \(S\) be a free (discrete) group on a finite set \(A\). 1. For \(R=R_0=\mathbb Z\) and \(\theta\) the identity map, it is obtained that \(S^{(n)}=\mathrm{KerInt}(S,U_n(\mathbb Z))\). 2. For \(R=R_0=\mathbb F_p\) and \(\theta\) the identity map, it is obtained that \(S_{(n,p)}=\mathrm{KerInt}(S,U_n(\mathbb F_p))\). 3. For \(R_0=\mathbb Z\), \(R=\mathbb Z/p^n\mathbb Z\), where \(p\) is a prime and \(\theta\colon\mathbb Z\to\mathbb Z/p^n\mathbb Z\) is the natural epimorphism, it is obtained that \(S^{(n,p)}=\mathrm{KerInt}(S,G(n,p))\), where \(G(n,p)\) is the group of all upper-triangular unipotent \(n\times n\) matrices \(a_{ij}\) over \(\mathbb Z/p^n\mathbb Z\) with \(a_{ij}\in p^{j-i}\mathbb Z/p^n\mathbb Z\) for every \(i\leq j\). Similar results are obtained in the environment of the free pro-\(\mathcal C\) groups, where \(\mathcal C\) is the formation of all finite \(\Pi\)-groups for a non-empty set \(\Pi\) of prime numbers. | |||
Property / review text: Let \(G\) be a group. Except the lower central filtration \(G^{(1)}=G\), \(G^{(i)}=[G,G^{(i-1)}]\) for \(i\geq 2\), there are defined the filtrations: For a prime number \(p\) let \(G_{(1,p)}=G\) and for \(i\geq 2\) let \[ G_{(i,p)}=(G_{([i/p],p)})^p\prod_{j+\ell=i}[G_{(j,p)},G_{(\ell,p)}]. \] Also let \(G^{(1,p)}=G\) and for \(i\geq 2\) let \(G^{(i,p)}=(G^{(i-1,p)})^p[G,G^{(i-1,p)}]\). In the present paper the author gives a general method of construction of filtrations for a free group \(S\), where each term of the filtrations is interpreted as the intersection of kernels of families of homomorphisms. Before stating the main result some notation and terminology is necessary. Let \(A\) be a (non empty) set and \(R\) be a unital commutative ring, then the Magnus algebra \(R\langle\langle X_A\rangle\rangle\) over \(R\) is the ring of all formal power series \(\sum_{I\in A^*}c_IX_I\) , where the ``indices'' \(I\) are finite sequences of elements of \(A\), \(c_I\in R\) and \(X_I\) denotes the formal product \(X_{a_1}X_{a_2}\cdots X_{a_t}\) for \(I=(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_t)\). It is well known that if \(S\) is the free group on the finite basis \(A\), then the map \(\Lambda_{R,A}\colon S\to R\langle\langle X_A\rangle\rangle^\times\), defined by \(\Lambda_{R,A}(a)=1+X_a\) for \(a\in A\), is a monomorphism. Let \(\mathcal J=(J_k)^{n-1}_{k=0}\) be a sequence of ideals in \(R\) such that \(R=J_0\supseteq J_1\supseteq\cdots\supseteq J_{n-1}\) and \(J_kJ_l\subseteq J_{k+l}\) for every \(k,l\geq 0\) with \(k+l\leq n-1\). Let \(T_{n,1}(\mathcal J)\) be the set of all \(n\times n\) strictly upper triangular matrices with entries in \(J_1\) and let \(U_n(\mathcal L)=I_n+T_{n,1}(\mathcal J)\) the set of upper triangular matrices with 1 in the main diagonal. Let \(\theta\colon R_0\to R\) be a homomorphism of unital commutative rings. Let \(L_{\mathcal J}\) be the set of all power series \(\sum_Ic_IX_I\) in \(R_0\langle\langle X_A\rangle\rangle\) such that \(c_\emptyset=1\) and \(\theta(c_I)\in\text{Ann}_R(J_t)\), the annihilator of \(J_t\) in \(R\), for every sequence \(I\) of length \(1\leq t<n\). For two groups \(H,G\) let \(\mathrm{KerInt}(H,G)=\bigcap\{\mathrm{Ker}(\varphi)\mid\varphi\colon H\to G\text{ homomorphism}\}\). Theorem: Suppose that \(J_t=d^tR\), \(t=0,1,\ldots,n-1\), for some \(d\in R\). Then \(\Lambda^{-1}_{R_0,A}(L_{\mathcal J})=\mathrm{KerInt}(S,U_n(\mathcal J))\). The theorem above has many interesting applications which cover previously known results. Here are quoted some of them. Let \(S\) be a free (discrete) group on a finite set \(A\). 1. For \(R=R_0=\mathbb Z\) and \(\theta\) the identity map, it is obtained that \(S^{(n)}=\mathrm{KerInt}(S,U_n(\mathbb Z))\). 2. For \(R=R_0=\mathbb F_p\) and \(\theta\) the identity map, it is obtained that \(S_{(n,p)}=\mathrm{KerInt}(S,U_n(\mathbb F_p))\). 3. For \(R_0=\mathbb Z\), \(R=\mathbb Z/p^n\mathbb Z\), where \(p\) is a prime and \(\theta\colon\mathbb Z\to\mathbb Z/p^n\mathbb Z\) is the natural epimorphism, it is obtained that \(S^{(n,p)}=\mathrm{KerInt}(S,G(n,p))\), where \(G(n,p)\) is the group of all upper-triangular unipotent \(n\times n\) matrices \(a_{ij}\) over \(\mathbb Z/p^n\mathbb Z\) with \(a_{ij}\in p^{j-i}\mathbb Z/p^n\mathbb Z\) for every \(i\leq j\). Similar results are obtained in the environment of the free pro-\(\mathcal C\) groups, where \(\mathcal C\) is the formation of all finite \(\Pi\)-groups for a non-empty set \(\Pi\) of prime numbers. / rank | |||
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Property / reviewed by | |||
Property / reviewed by: Dimitrios Varsos / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID | |||
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 20F14 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID | |||
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 20E05 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID | |||
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 20E18 / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH DE Number | |||
Property / zbMATH DE Number: 6381547 / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
lower central filtrations | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: lower central filtrations / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
lower \(p\)-central filtrations | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: lower \(p\)-central filtrations / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
Zassenhaus filtrations | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: Zassenhaus filtrations / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
free groups | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: free groups / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
profinite groups | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: profinite groups / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
upper-triangular unipotent representations | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: upper-triangular unipotent representations / rank | |||
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Property / MaRDI profile type | |||
Property / MaRDI profile type: MaRDI publication profile / rank | |||
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Property / OpenAlex ID | |||
Property / OpenAlex ID: W2593024557 / rank | |||
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Property / arXiv ID | |||
Property / arXiv ID: 1312.1811 / rank | |||
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Property / cites work | |||
Property / cites work: Q4264394 / rank | |||
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Property / cites work | |||
Property / cites work: The Zassenhaus filtration, Massey products, and representations of profinite groups / rank | |||
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Property / cites work | |||
Property / cites work: On the descending central sequence of absolute Galois groups / rank | |||
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Property / cites work: Galois groups and cohomological functors / rank | |||
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Property / cites work: Field Arithmetic / rank | |||
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Property / cites work: Q4553271 / rank | |||
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Property / cites work: Knots and primes. An introduction to arithmetic topology. Based on the Japanese original (Springer, 2009) / rank | |||
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Property / cites work: Review and some critical comments on a paper of Grün concerning the dimension subgroup conjecture / rank | |||
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links / mardi / name | links / mardi / name | ||
Latest revision as of 11:57, 9 July 2024
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English | Filtrations of free groups as intersections. |
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Filtrations of free groups as intersections. (English)
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18 December 2014
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Let \(G\) be a group. Except the lower central filtration \(G^{(1)}=G\), \(G^{(i)}=[G,G^{(i-1)}]\) for \(i\geq 2\), there are defined the filtrations: For a prime number \(p\) let \(G_{(1,p)}=G\) and for \(i\geq 2\) let \[ G_{(i,p)}=(G_{([i/p],p)})^p\prod_{j+\ell=i}[G_{(j,p)},G_{(\ell,p)}]. \] Also let \(G^{(1,p)}=G\) and for \(i\geq 2\) let \(G^{(i,p)}=(G^{(i-1,p)})^p[G,G^{(i-1,p)}]\). In the present paper the author gives a general method of construction of filtrations for a free group \(S\), where each term of the filtrations is interpreted as the intersection of kernels of families of homomorphisms. Before stating the main result some notation and terminology is necessary. Let \(A\) be a (non empty) set and \(R\) be a unital commutative ring, then the Magnus algebra \(R\langle\langle X_A\rangle\rangle\) over \(R\) is the ring of all formal power series \(\sum_{I\in A^*}c_IX_I\) , where the ``indices'' \(I\) are finite sequences of elements of \(A\), \(c_I\in R\) and \(X_I\) denotes the formal product \(X_{a_1}X_{a_2}\cdots X_{a_t}\) for \(I=(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_t)\). It is well known that if \(S\) is the free group on the finite basis \(A\), then the map \(\Lambda_{R,A}\colon S\to R\langle\langle X_A\rangle\rangle^\times\), defined by \(\Lambda_{R,A}(a)=1+X_a\) for \(a\in A\), is a monomorphism. Let \(\mathcal J=(J_k)^{n-1}_{k=0}\) be a sequence of ideals in \(R\) such that \(R=J_0\supseteq J_1\supseteq\cdots\supseteq J_{n-1}\) and \(J_kJ_l\subseteq J_{k+l}\) for every \(k,l\geq 0\) with \(k+l\leq n-1\). Let \(T_{n,1}(\mathcal J)\) be the set of all \(n\times n\) strictly upper triangular matrices with entries in \(J_1\) and let \(U_n(\mathcal L)=I_n+T_{n,1}(\mathcal J)\) the set of upper triangular matrices with 1 in the main diagonal. Let \(\theta\colon R_0\to R\) be a homomorphism of unital commutative rings. Let \(L_{\mathcal J}\) be the set of all power series \(\sum_Ic_IX_I\) in \(R_0\langle\langle X_A\rangle\rangle\) such that \(c_\emptyset=1\) and \(\theta(c_I)\in\text{Ann}_R(J_t)\), the annihilator of \(J_t\) in \(R\), for every sequence \(I\) of length \(1\leq t<n\). For two groups \(H,G\) let \(\mathrm{KerInt}(H,G)=\bigcap\{\mathrm{Ker}(\varphi)\mid\varphi\colon H\to G\text{ homomorphism}\}\). Theorem: Suppose that \(J_t=d^tR\), \(t=0,1,\ldots,n-1\), for some \(d\in R\). Then \(\Lambda^{-1}_{R_0,A}(L_{\mathcal J})=\mathrm{KerInt}(S,U_n(\mathcal J))\). The theorem above has many interesting applications which cover previously known results. Here are quoted some of them. Let \(S\) be a free (discrete) group on a finite set \(A\). 1. For \(R=R_0=\mathbb Z\) and \(\theta\) the identity map, it is obtained that \(S^{(n)}=\mathrm{KerInt}(S,U_n(\mathbb Z))\). 2. For \(R=R_0=\mathbb F_p\) and \(\theta\) the identity map, it is obtained that \(S_{(n,p)}=\mathrm{KerInt}(S,U_n(\mathbb F_p))\). 3. For \(R_0=\mathbb Z\), \(R=\mathbb Z/p^n\mathbb Z\), where \(p\) is a prime and \(\theta\colon\mathbb Z\to\mathbb Z/p^n\mathbb Z\) is the natural epimorphism, it is obtained that \(S^{(n,p)}=\mathrm{KerInt}(S,G(n,p))\), where \(G(n,p)\) is the group of all upper-triangular unipotent \(n\times n\) matrices \(a_{ij}\) over \(\mathbb Z/p^n\mathbb Z\) with \(a_{ij}\in p^{j-i}\mathbb Z/p^n\mathbb Z\) for every \(i\leq j\). Similar results are obtained in the environment of the free pro-\(\mathcal C\) groups, where \(\mathcal C\) is the formation of all finite \(\Pi\)-groups for a non-empty set \(\Pi\) of prime numbers.
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lower central filtrations
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lower \(p\)-central filtrations
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Zassenhaus filtrations
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free groups
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profinite groups
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upper-triangular unipotent representations
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