On the parameterized differential inverse Galois problem over \(k((t))(x)\) (Q2257268): Difference between revisions

In differential Galois theory, one attaches to a linear differential equation over some differential field \(F\) a linear algebraic group over the field of differential constants of that field. This linear algebraic group encodes algebraic relations among the solutions of the differential equation. In parametrized differential Galois theory, the base field \(F\) is equipped with one (or several) additional differential operators, and one attaches to a differential equation as above a differential algebraic group over the field of constants which encodes not only algebraic relations among the solutions, but also differential relations with respect to the additional differential operator(s). In this paper, the author considers linear differential equations over the base field \(f=k((t))(x)\) with respect to the differential operator \(\partial_x=\frac{\partial}{\partial x}\). Here, \(k\) is a field of characteristic zero and the additional differential operator is the derivation \(\partial_t\). In this setting, she solves part of the inverse Galois problem by showing that a special class of linear algebraic groups, namely connected semisimple \(k((t))\)-split linear algebraic groups, occur as parametrized differential Galois group for some linear differential equation over \(k((t))(x)\). A main point here is that the field of \(\partial_x\)-constants \(k((t))\) is not differentially closed, whereas in former papers on this topic this always was an assumption (cf. [\textit{T. Dreyfus}, Pac. J. Math. 271, No. 1, 87--141 (2014; Zbl 1364.12004)], [\textit{C. Mitschi} and \textit{M. F. Singer}, Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 44, No. 5, 913--930 (2012; Zbl 1254.34124)]). The approach for realizing these groups as parametrized differential Galois groups is quite explicit and uses the root system of the linear algebraic group to realize appropriate subgroups locally and the patching method of \textit{D. Harbater} and \textit{J. Hartmann} [Isr. J. Math. 176, 61--107 (2010; Zbl 1213.14052)] to glue them together to obtain the desired group. The author finally proposes that one should be able to realize also other classes of linear differential algebraic groups by using the same methods. In her newer paper [``New classes of parameterized differential Galois groups'', Math. Z. (to appear)], the author has indeed successfully applied the method to other groups.