Quasi-periodic solutions for fully nonlinear forced reversible Schrödinger equations (Q2351997): Difference between revisions

The authors of this interesting paper investigate a class of fully nonlinear forced and reversible Schrödinger equations and discuss the existence and stability of quasi-periodic solutions with Sobolev regularity for any given diophantine vector \(\bar{\omega }\) and for all \(\lambda \) in an appropriate positive measure Cantor-like set. The nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation has the form \[ iu_t=u_{xx}+\varepsilon f(\omega t,x,u,u_x,u_{xx}), \quad x\in\mathbb{T}\equiv \mathbb{R}/2\pi\mathbb{Z}, \tag{\(*\)} \] where \(\varepsilon >0\) is a small parameter, the nonlinearity \(f\) is quasi-periodic in time with diophantine frequency vector \(\omega = \lambda \bar{\omega }\in\mathbb{R}^{d}\) and \(f(\varphi, x, z)\) with \(\varphi \in \mathbb{T}^d\), \(z = (z_0 , z_1 , z_2 )\in\mathbb{C}^3\) is in \(C^q (\mathbb{T}^{d+1}\times\mathbb{C}^3;\mathbb{C})\) in the real sense, i.e., as some function of \(\mathrm{Re} (z)\) and \(\mathrm{Im} (z)\). Note that the considered NLS equation is fully nonlinear and that the second spatial derivative appears as an argument of \(f\). The main goal is to find non-trivial \((2\pi )^{d+1}\)-periodic solutions \(u(\varphi ,x)\) of the perturbed NLS equation \[ i\omega \cdot \partial_{\varphi }u = u_{xx}+\varepsilon f(\omega t,x,u,u_x,u_{xx}) \tag{\(**\)} \] in the Sobolev space \(H^s\equiv H^s(\mathbb{T}^{d}\times\mathbb{T};\mathbb{C})\). The authors impose the reversibility condition, containing the requirements {\parindent=8mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \(f(\varphi ,-x,-z_0,z_1,-z_2)=-f(\varphi ,x,z_0,z_1,z_2), \) \item[(ii)] \(f(-\varphi ,x,z_0,z_1,z_2)= \overline{f(\varphi ,x,\bar{z}_0,\bar{z}_1,\bar{z}_2)}, \) \item[(iii)] \(f(\varphi ,x,0)\neq 0, \;\partial_{z_2}f\in\mathbb{R}\setminus \{0\}, \) where \(\partial_{z}=\partial_{\mathrm{Re}(z)}-i\partial_{\mathrm{Im}(z)}\). \end{itemize}} Under the conditions (i)--(iii), the main result is that there exist \(s=s(d)>0\) and \(q=q(d)\in\mathbb{N}\) such that, for every nonlinearity \(f\in C^q (\mathbb{T}^{d+1}\times\mathbb{C}^3;\mathbb{C})\) and for all \(\varepsilon\in (0,\varepsilon_0)\) with \(\varepsilon_0=\varepsilon_0(f,d)\) small enough, there exists a Cantor set \({\mathcal{C}}_{\varepsilon }\subset \Lambda \) of asymptotically full Lebesgue measure, i.e., \(|{\mathcal{C}}_{\varepsilon }|\to 1\) as \(\varepsilon\to 0\), such that, for all \(\lambda\in {\mathcal{C}}_{\varepsilon }\), the perturbed NLS equation (\(\ast\ast \)) has a solution \(u(\varepsilon ,\lambda )\in H^s\), satisfying \(u(t,x)=-\bar{u}(-t,-x)\) with \(\|u(\varepsilon ,\lambda )\|_s\to 0\) as \(\varepsilon \to 0\). In addition, it turns out that \(u(\varepsilon ,\lambda )\) is linearly stable.