On Euler's example of a completely multiplicative function with sum 0 (Q5890645): Difference between revisions

A CM0 function is a completely multiplicative function \(f\) defined on positive integers such that \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty f(n)=0\). Euler gave an example of a CM0 defined by \(f(p)=-1/p\), \(p\) a prime number. The authors indicate a proof (with the details explained in [``Fonctions complètement multiplicatives de somme nulle'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1507.04858}]) that if \((\mathcal{P},\mathcal{N})\) is a set of Beurling's generalized integers with \(\mathcal{P}\) the set of generators (primes) satisfying \textit{H. G. Diamond}'s [J. Reine Angew. Math. 295, 22--39 (1977; Zbl 0355.10038)] ``regularity'' condition \(\int_2^\infty |\pi_{\mathcal{P}}(t)-(t/\log t)|t^{-2}\,dt<\infty\) for the prime function \(\pi_{\mathcal{P}}(t)=\sum_{p\in{\mathcal P},p\leq t}1\) then (Theorem 3) \(\sum_{n\in{\mathcal N}}\lambda_{\mathcal P}(n)/n=0\), where \(\lambda_{\mathcal P}\) is completely multiplicative and \(\lambda_{\mathcal P}=-1\) for \(p\in{\mathcal P}\). It follows from this (Theorem 1) that, for every \(\alpha\in(0,1)\), it is possible to construct a CM0 function \(f\) on the set of positive integers such that \(\sum_{f(n)\neq0, n\leq x}1\sim Dx^\alpha\) (\(x\to\infty\)) for some \(D>0\).