Asymptotic properties in the shifted family of a numerical semigroup with few generators (Q343461): Difference between revisions

Let \(a\) and \(b\) be positive integers with \(a<b\), and let \(k\) be a positive integer. This paper studies minimal presentations and Betti numbers of the monoid \(H_k=\langle k,a+k,b+k\rangle=\{ xa+y(a+k)+z(b+k)\mid x,y,z \text{ nonnegative integers}\}\). Let \(K\) be a field and \(K[H_k]\) be the semigroup ring associated to \(H_k\), which can be defined as the subring of \(K[t]\), with \(t\) a variable, generated by \(\{t^k, t^{a+k}, t^{b+k}\}\). The kernel of the ring morphism \(K[x,y,z]\to K[H_k]\), determined by \(x\mapsto t^k\), \(y\mapsto t^{a+k}\), \(z\mapsto t^{b+k}\), is denoted by \(I_{H_k}\). The ideal \(I_{H_k}^*\) is the ideal generated by the initial forms of \(I_{H_k}\). This ideal has the property that \(\mathrm{gr}_{\mathfrak m}K[H_k]\cong K[x,y,z]/I_{H_k}^*\), where \(\mathrm{gr}_{\mathfrak m}K[H_k]\) is the graded ring with respect to the maximal ideal \(\mathfrak{m}=(t^h\mid h\in H_k\setminus\{0\})K[H_k]\). The author gives a description of the generators of \(I_H\) and how they vary as \(k\) increases. This allows him to study the asymptotic behavior of the Betti numbers of \(I_H\) and when \(I_H\) is a complete intersection. The author introduces a sharper bound \(k_{a,b}=\max\{ b((b-a)/D-1),ab/D\}\) (with \(D=\mathrm{gcd}(a,b)\)) than the one known in the literature when these Betti numbers become periodic. He also gives an explicit description of the period. It is shown that when \(k>k_{a,b}\), then \(\mathrm{gr}_{\mathfrak m}K[H_k]\) is Cohen-Macaulay, and \(\mathrm{gr}_{\mathfrak m}K[H_k]\) is a complete intersection if and only if \(K[H_k]\) is a complete intersection (the defining ideal has the least possible number of minimal generators). Moreover, it is proved that these rings are complete intersections if and only if \(k\) is a multiple of a constant depending on the prime decomposition of \(a\) and \(b\). Also, for \(k>k_{a,b}\), the ideal \(I_{H_k}\) is generated by indispensable binomials (binomials that up to a constant will be always in a minimal binomial generating system of the ideal). The techniques introduced by the author also allow him to study the asymptotic behavior of the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of \(\mathrm{gr}_{\mathfrak m}K[H_k]\) (viewed as a \(K[x,y,z]\)-module). Finally he gives some tables shown how sharp is the bound obtained. Many examples (and some counterexample to a previous result in the literature) are presented. These indeed make the reading more appealing.