Results on spaces between the Sorgenfrey and usual topologies on \(\mathbb{R}\) (Q2411469): Difference between revisions

Sorgenfrey studied the ``Sorgenfrey line'' which is generated by the topology of all sets \(\{z \in {\mathbb R}: x \leq z < y\}\) where \(x,y \in \mathbb R\) and \(x < y\). This topology has been adjusted to the notion of \(H\)-spaces, which are parameterised by a set \(A\) such that the basis of the topology are the usual open intervals \(\{z \in {\mathbb R}: x < z < y\}\) plus all halfopen intervals \(\{z \in {\mathbb R}: x \leq z < y\}\) where \(x \in {\mathbb R}-A\), \(y \in \mathbb R\) and \(x < y\). This topology is called \(\tau_A\). A lot of the present work centers around the following questions: For which sets \(A,B\) are the topological spaces \(({\mathbb R},\tau_A)\) and \(({\mathbb R},\tau_B)\) homeomorphic? When are they homeomorphic to the Sorgenfrey line? For example, the author shows that if \(|A| > |B|\) and \(A\) is uncountable, then the two spaces \(({\mathbb R},\tau_A)\) and \(({\mathbb R},\tau_B)\) are not homeomorphic. Furthermore, he shows that for any set \(A \subseteq \mathbb R\), \(({\mathbb R},\tau_A)\) is homeomorphic to the Sorgenfrey line \(\mathbb S\) iff \(A\) is scattered. After establishing these results, Kulesza investigates how continuity of functions between \(H\)-spaces relates to continuity of the same functions between the reals in the usual topology; a sample result is that when \(f: ({\mathbb R},\tau_A) \rightarrow ({\mathbb R},\tau_B)\) is continuous then it is also continuous on all but countably many points when viewed as a function between two copies of the reals with the usual topology. In the end, Kulesza solves an open problem by constructing \(2^{|{\mathbb R}|}\) many reversible \(H\)-spaces; here a space is reversible, if every continuous bijection from this space onto itself is actually a homeomorphism. He also shows that these spaces are all rigid, that is, have only one self-homeomorphism which is the identity.