The sine-Gordon regime of the Landau-Lifshitz equation with a strong easy-plane anisotropy (Q1618258): Difference between revisions

The paper is devoted to studying the system of equations \begin{align*} &\partial_t U_\varepsilon = \mathrm{div}\, \big( (1 - \varepsilon^2 U_\varepsilon^2) \nabla \Phi_\varepsilon \big) - \frac{\sigma}{2} (1 - \varepsilon^2 U_\varepsilon^2) \sin(2 \Phi_\varepsilon), \\ &\partial_t \Phi_\varepsilon = U_\varepsilon \big( 1 - \varepsilon^2 \sigma \sin^2(\Phi_\varepsilon) \big) - \varepsilon^2 \mathrm{div}\, \Big( \frac{\nabla U_\varepsilon}{1 - \varepsilon^2 U_\varepsilon^2} \Big) +\varepsilon^4 U_\varepsilon \frac{|\nabla U_\varepsilon|^2}{(1 - \varepsilon^2 U_\varepsilon^2)^2} - \varepsilon^2 U_\varepsilon |\nabla \Phi_\varepsilon|^2. \tag{1} \end{align*} The formal limit as $\varepsilon \to 0$ gives rise to the system \[ \partial_t U = \Delta \Phi - \frac{\sigma}{2} \sin(2 \Phi),\qquad \partial_t \Phi = U,\tag{2} \] and the limiting function $\Phi$ should solve the sine-Gordon equation \( \partial_{tt} \Phi - \Delta \Phi + \frac{\sigma}{2} \sin(2 \Phi) = 0\). The main aim of the paper to justify the above formal passage. \par Given a natural $k$, denote \begin{align*} &\mathcal{N}\mathcal{V}^k(\mathbb{R}^N) := \big\{ (u, \varphi) \in H^k(\mathbb{R}^N) \times H_{\sin}^k(\mathbb{R}^N) : |u| < 1 \ \text{on} \ \mathbb{R}^N \big\}, \\ &H_{\sin}^k(\mathbb{R}^N) := \big\{ v \in L_{\text{loc}}^1(\mathbb{R}^N) : \nabla v \in H^{k - 1}(\mathbb{R}^N) \ \text{and} \ \sin(v) \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^N) \big\}. \end{align*} The additive group $H_{\sin}^k(\mathbb{R}^N)$ is identified with the quotient group $H_{\sin}^k(\mathbb{R}^N)/\pi \mathcal{Z}$ and it is endowed with the distance \[ d_{\sin}^k(v_1, v_2) := \Big( \big\| \sin(v_1 - v_2) \big\|_{L^2}^2 + \big\| \nabla v_1 - \nabla v_2 \big\|_{H^{k - 1}}^2 \Big)^\frac{1}{2}. \] The main result is as follows. \par Theorem. Let $N \geqslant 1$ and $k \in \mathbb{N}$, with $k > N/2 + 1$, and $0 < \varepsilon < 1$. Consider an initial condition $(U_\varepsilon^0, \Phi_\varepsilon^0) \in \mathcal{N}\mathcal{V}^{k + 2}(\mathbb{R}^N)$ and set \[ \mathbb{K}_\varepsilon^0 := \big\| U_\varepsilon^0 \big\|_{H^k} + \varepsilon \big\| \nabla U_\varepsilon^0 \big\|_{H^k} + \big\| \nabla \Phi_\varepsilon^0 \big\|_{H^k} + \big\| \sin(\Phi_\varepsilon^0) \big\|_{H^k}. \] Consider similarly an initial condition $(U^0, \Phi^0) \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^N) \times H_{\sin}^1(\mathbb{R}^N)$, and denote by $(U, \Phi) \in \mathbb{C}^0(\mathbb{R}, L^2(\mathbb{R}^N) \times H_{\sin}^1(\mathbb{R}^N))$ the unique corresponding solution to (2). Then, there exists a positive number $C_*$, depending only on $\sigma$, $k$ and $N$, such that, if the initial data satisfy the condition \( C_* \, \varepsilon \, \mathbb{K}_\varepsilon^0 \leqslant 1 \), we have the following statements. \par $(i)$ There exists a positive number \[ T_\varepsilon \geqslant \frac{1}{C_* (\mathbb{K}_\varepsilon^0)^2}, \] such that there exists a unique solution $(U_\varepsilon, \Phi_\varepsilon) \in \mathbb{C}^0([0, T_\varepsilon], \mathcal{N}\mathcal{V}^{k + 1}(\mathbb{R}^N))$ to (1) with initial datum $(U_\varepsilon^0, \Phi_\varepsilon^0)$. \par $(ii)$ If $\Phi_\varepsilon^0 - \Phi^0 \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^N)$, then we have \[ \big\| \Phi_\varepsilon(\cdot, t) - \Phi(\cdot, t) \big\|_{L^2} \leqslant C_* \, \Big( \big\| \Phi_\varepsilon^0 - \Phi^0 \big\|_{L^2} + \big\| U_\varepsilon^0 - U^0 \big\|_{L^2} + \varepsilon^2 \, \mathbb{K}_\varepsilon^0 \, \big( 1 + \mathbb{K}_\varepsilon^0 \big)^3 \Big) \, e^{C_* t}, \] for any $0 \leqslant t \leqslant T_\varepsilon$. \par $(iii)$ If $N \geqslant 2$, or $N = 1$ and $k > N/2 + 2$, then we have \begin{align*} & \big\| U_\varepsilon(\cdot, t) - U(\cdot, t) \big\|_{L^2} + \big\| \nabla \Phi_\varepsilon(\cdot, t) - \nabla \Phi(\cdot, t) \big\|_{L^2} + \big\| \sin(\Phi_\varepsilon(\cdot, t) - \Phi(\cdot, t)) \big\|_{L^2} \\ &\leqslant C_* \, \Big( \big\| U_\varepsilon^0 - U^0 \big\|_{L^2} + \big\| \nabla \Phi_\varepsilon^0 - \nabla \Phi^0 \big\|_{L^2} + \big\| \sin(\Phi_\varepsilon^0 - \Phi^0) \big\|_{L^2} + \varepsilon^2 \, \mathbb{K}_\varepsilon^0 \, \big( 1 + \mathbb{K}_\varepsilon^0 \big)^3 \Big) \, e^{C_* t} , \end{align*} for any $0 \leqslant t \leqslant T_\varepsilon$. \par $(iv)$ Take $(U^0, \Phi^0) \in H^k(\mathbb{R}^N) \times H_{\sin}^{k + 1}(\mathbb{R}^N)$ and set \[ \kappa_\varepsilon^0 := \mathbb{K}_\varepsilon^0 + \big\| U^0 \big\|_{H^k} + \big\| \nabla \Phi^0 \big\|_{H^k} + \big\| \sin(\Phi^0) \big\|_{H^k}. \] There exists a positive number $A_*$, depending only on $\sigma$, $k$ and $N$, such that the solution $(U, \Phi)$ lies in $\mathbb{C}^0([0, T_\varepsilon^*], H^k(\mathbb{R}^N) \times H_{\sin}^{k + 1}(\mathbb{R}^N))$ for a positive number \[ T_\varepsilon \geqslant T_\varepsilon^* \geqslant \frac{1}{A_* (\kappa_\varepsilon^0)^2}. \] Moreover, when $k > N/2 + 3$, we have \begin{align*} & \big\| U_\varepsilon(\cdot, t) - U(\cdot, t) \big\|_{H^{k - 3}} + \big\| \nabla \Phi_\varepsilon(\cdot, t) - \nabla \Phi(\cdot, t) \big\|_{H^{k - 3}} + \big\| \sin(\Phi_\varepsilon(\cdot, t) - \Phi(\cdot, t)) \big\|_{H^{k - 3}} \\ &\leqslant A_* \, e^{A_* (1 + \kappa_\varepsilon^0)^2 t} \Big( \big\| U_\varepsilon^0 - U^0 \big\|_{H^{k - 3}} + \big\| \nabla \Phi_\varepsilon^0 - \nabla \Phi^0 \big\|_{H^{k - 3}} + \big\| \sin(\Phi_\varepsilon^0 - \Phi^0) \big\|_{H^{k - 3}} + \varepsilon^2 \kappa_\varepsilon^0 \big( 1 + \kappa_\varepsilon^0 \big)^3 \Big), \end{align*} for any $0 \leqslant t \leqslant T_\varepsilon^*$.