Direct integrals of strongly continuous operator semigroups (Q2183623): Difference between revisions

A \textit{Hilbert space bundle} with \textit{base space} $\Omega$ is a pair $(\mathcal{H}, \pi)$ (or simply $\mathcal H$), where $\pi : \mathcal{H} \to \Omega$ is a surjection and, for every $s \in \Omega$, the \textit{fiber} $H_s = \pi^{-1}(s)$ of $\mathcal{H}$ at $s$ is a Hilbert space with inner product $\langle \cdot,\cdot \rangle_s$. A \textit{section} $x$ of $\mathcal H$ is a function $x : \Omega \rightarrow \mathcal{H}$ such that $\pi \circ x(s) = s$. If $\Omega$ is a locally compact Hausdorff topological space and $\mu$ a $\sigma$-finite positive Borel measure on $\Omega$, a \textit{measurable field of Hilbert spaces} with \textit{associated measure $\mu$} is a pair $(\mathcal H, \mathcal F)$, where $\mathcal H$ is a Hilbert space bundle and $\mathcal F$ is a collection of sections satisfying various measurability conditions, one of which is: for all $x, y \in \mathcal{F}$, the $\mathbb C$-valued function $s \mapsto \langle x(s), y(s) \rangle_s $ is $\mu$-measurable. Under these assumptions, the \textit{direct integral} \[ \int^{\oplus}_\Omega H_s\, d\mu(s) \] can be defined as the set of all measurable sections $x \in \mathcal{F}$ such that $\int_\Omega \|x(s)\|^2_s \,d\mu(s) < \infty$. Obviously, these integrals generalize direct sums. Direct integrals of fields of bounded operators $\{T(s) : H_s \to H_s \mid s \in \Omega \}$ are defined for measurable fields where $s \mapsto \langle T(s)x(s), y(s)\rangle_s$. is measurable. This definition can be extended to fields of unbounded operators $\{A(s) : D(A(s)) \to H_s \mid s \in \Omega \}$, postulating a common point $\nu$ for all the resolvents such that $\{R(\nu; A(s)) : H_s \to H_s\mid s \in \Omega \}$ is a measurable field of bounded operators. The definitions are applied to direct integrals of $C_0$ semigroups that have common exponential growth; the author shows that the direct integral is a $C_0$ semigroup in the direct integral space; moreover, the infinitesimal generator is the direct integral of the individual generators. Similar results are obtained for subclasses of semigroups: bounded analytic, eventually differentiable, immediately norm continuous, and immediately compact. Finally, examples are given and asymptotics of direct integral semigroups is covered.