A criterion of algebraic independence of values of modular functions and an application to infinite products involving Fibonacci and Lucas numbers (Q2145873): Difference between revisions

Let \(\mathbb H\) be a upper-half plane and \(N\) be a positive integer. Set \(G(N)=\{ M\in \mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb Z); M \equiv U \pmod N, \, U \text{ is unit } \in \mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb Z)\}\). Then the authors prove the following result. Let \(f_1(x)\) and \(f_2(x)\) be non-zero modular functions of weights \(k_1\) and \(k_2\), respectively, for \(G(N)\) whose Fourier expansion with respect \(e^{2\pi ix/N}\) have coefficients in \(\mathbb Q(e^{2\pi i/N})\). Let \(x_0\in\mathbb H\) be neither a zero not a pole of the functions of \(f_1(x)\) and \(f_2(x)\) such that the number \(e^{\pi ix_0}\) is algebraic. Then the two numbers \(f_1(x_0)\) and \(f_2(x_0)\) are algebraically independent over \(\mathbb Q\) if and only if \(f_1^{k_2}/f_2^{k_1}\) is not constant. As a consequence we obtain that any two infinite products from the set \(\{ \prod_{n=1}^\infty (1+\frac 1{F_n}), \prod_{n=3}^\infty (1-\frac 1{F_n}), \prod_{n=1}^\infty (1+\frac 1{L_n}), \prod_{n=2}^\infty (1-\frac 1{L_n}) \}\) are algebraically independent over \(\mathbb Q\) while any three are not. Here \((F_n)\) and \((L_n)\) are Fibonacci and Lucas sequences, respectively.