Higher regulators, Hilbert modular surfaces, and special values of \(L\)-functions (Q1974792): Difference between revisions

The paper consists of an introduction to set the stage and to announce the main result (and some of its shortcomings), six sections and references. The first section gives a brief overview of the construction of abelian schemes over Hilbert modular surfaces. In the second section the main object of study, the fundamental relative motive \(\mathcal V^{p,q}\), is introduced. Its various realizations are discussed. In particular, there is a comparison result between the Betti realization and intersection cohomology. The third section deals with the Betti and de Rham realizations. The fourth section gives an overview of \(L\)-functions. The results of Brylinski-Labesse and Chai are discussed. The exposition is quite detailed and technical. In the fifth section the main result (cf. \textit{infra}) is presented. The proof of this result takes quite some place. As usual an important role is played by Beilinson's Eisenstein map. This is explained in the sixth section. Let \(F/{\mathbb Q}\) be a real quadratic field with ring of integers \(\mathcal O_F\). Let \(G/{\mathbb Q} \hookrightarrow\text{Res}_{F/{\mathbb Q}}\text{GL}_{2,F}\) such that the maps \(G\rightarrow{\mathbb G}_m\), \({\mathbb G}_m\hookrightarrow\text{Res}_ {F/{\mathbb Q}}{\mathbb G}_{m,F}\) and \(\text{det}:\text{Res}_{F/{\mathbb Q}}\text{GL}_{2,F}\rightarrow \text{Res}_{F/{\mathbb Q}}{\mathbb G}_{m,F}\) lead to a Cartesian square. The group \(G\) gives rise to a Shimura variety \(S({\mathbb C})\) with a \(G({\mathbb A}_f)\) action. Let \(V^{p,q}=\text{Sym}^pV_2^{\vee}\otimes\text{Sym}^qV _2^{\vee}\), where \(V_2^{\vee}\) is the dual of the standard representation of \(\text{GL}_2\). It is known that intersection cohomology with respect to the Baily-Borel compactification decomposes into \(G({\mathbb A}_f)\)-isotypic components \(H^2_{\text{ét}}(\pi_f)\) which are \(\text{Gal} (\overline{\mathbb Q}/{\mathbb Q})\)-modules. An important result due to J. L.~Brylinski and J.-P.~Labesse says that, for almost all \(p\), the local \(L\)-functions \(L_p(s,H^2_{\text{ét}}(\pi_f))\) can be computed as special values of some automorphic \(L\)-function. This \(L\)-function has simple zeros at \(s=1-n\), \(p+2\leq n\leq p+q+2\) for certain \(\pi_f\), assuming \(p\geq q>0\). It turns out to be appropriate to work with relative motives. Let \(\mathcal A/S\) be the universal abelian scheme over \(S\). \(\mathcal A\) comes equipped with an \(\mathcal O_F\)-action. As a matter of fact, one is interested in constructing elements in \(H^{p+q+3}_{\mathcal M}(\mathcal A^{p+q},\overline{\mathbb Q}(n))\). A basic role is played by the direct summand \(\mathcal V^{p,q}\) of \(R(\mathcal A^{p+q}/S)\), built as suitable \(\text{Sym}^p\otimes\text{Sym}^q\). In Beilinson's philosophy, for a pure (Chow) motive \(M\) with coefficients in \(\overline{\mathbb Q}\) and \(L\)-function \(L(s,H^i_{ \text{ét}}(M))\), one has, for \(n>i/2+1\), regulator maps \[ r_{\mathcal H}:H^{i+1} _{\mathcal M}(M_{\mathbb Z},{\mathbb Q}(n))\rightarrow H^{i+1}_{\mathcal H}(M\otimes {\mathbb R},{\mathbb R}(n)) \] such that there exist \(\overline{\mathbb Q}\)-subspaces \(\mathcal K(i,n) \subset H^{i+1}_{\mathcal M}(M_{\mathbb Z},{\mathbb Q}(n))\) such that \[ r_{\mathcal H} (\mathcal K(i,n))=L(n,H^i_{\text{ét}}(M))\det\mathcal{DR}(i,n), \] where \(\mathcal{DR} (i,n)\) is Deligne's \(\overline{\mathbb Q}\)-structure. In the underlying situation, write \(r_{\mathcal H}:H^{\bullet}_{!\mathcal M}(\mathcal V^{p,q},{\mathbb Q}(*))\rightarrow H^{\bullet}_{!\mathcal H}(\mathcal V^{p,q}\otimes{\mathbb R},{\mathbb R}(*))\) for Beilinson's regulator map. For \(S=S(\pi)\cup\{\ell\}\), let \({L_S(s,H^2_{\text{ét}} (\pi_f)^{\vee}))=\prod_{p\not\in S}L_p(s,H^2_{\text{ét}}(\pi_f)^{\vee})}\). The main result may be stated as follows: Let \(\pi\in\text{coh} (V^{p,q})\) be stable or \(\varepsilon(\pi_f)=-1\); then there is a \(G({\mathbb A}_f)\) -submodule \(\mathcal K(p,q,n)\subset H^{p+q+3}_{\mathcal M}(\mathcal V^{p,q}, {\mathbb Q}(n))\) for all \(p+2\leq n\leq p+q+2\) and \(p\geq q>0\), such that: (i) \(r_{\mathcal H}(\mathcal K(p,q,n))\subset H^{p+q+3}_{\mathcal H}(\mathcal V^{p,q}\otimes {\mathbb R},{\mathbb R}(n))\); (ii) \(r_{\mathcal H}(\mathcal K(p,q,n))(\pi_f)=L_S(n,H^2_ {\text{ét}}(\pi_f))\cdot\mathcal{DR}(p,q,n)(\pi_f)\) (equality of \(\overline{\mathbb Q}\)-subvector spaces in \({\mathbb R}\otimes_{\mathbb Q}\overline{\mathbb Q}\)). \(K(p,q,n)\) can be explicitly constructed. In (ii) \(\mathcal{DR}(p,q,n)(\pi_f)\) is Deligne's \(\overline{\mathbb Q}\)-structure on absolute Hodge cohomology \(H^{p+q+3}_{!\mathcal H}(\mathcal V^{p,q}\otimes{\mathbb R}, {\mathbb R}(n))(\pi_f)\).