On the independent axiomatizability of quasivarieties of universal algebras (Q1905292): Difference between revisions

Using notations and results from his previous papers the author proves the following main Theorem: Let \({\mathfrak M}\) be a subquasivariety of a proper quasivariety \(\widetilde {\mathfrak R}\) of universal algebras of an at most countable signature. Suppose that there exist algebras \(G_i \in \widetilde {\mathfrak R} \backslash {\mathfrak M}\) \((i \in \mathbb{N})\) such that (1) the ultraproduct of these algebras with respect to an arbitrary nonprincipal ultrafilter over \(\mathbb{N}\) belongs to \({\mathfrak M}\); (2) each quasivariety \({\mathfrak N}\), properly enclosing \({\mathfrak M}\) and contained in the least upper bound of \({\mathfrak M}\) and the quasivariety generated by a nonempty finite set of algebras \(G_i\) \((i \in I \subset \mathbb{N})\) in the lattice of quasivarieties, includes a certain algebra \(G_j\) \((j \in I)\); (3) if \(A \notin {\mathfrak M}\) is an algebra such that \(A\) is an element of the least upper bound of \({\mathfrak M}\) and the quasivariety generated by all algebras \(G_i\), then for an arbitrary pair \((a,b) \in {\mathfrak M} (A) = \bigcap\{\theta \mid\theta \in \text{Con} (A) \wedge A/ \theta \in {\mathfrak M}\}\), \(a \neq b\), there exists a finite subset \(\{(f,g_i) \mid (f,g_i) \in \theta (a,b)\), \(i \in I\}\) of the congruence \(\theta (a,b)\) generated by \((a,b)\) such that \(\langle \{f,g_i\mid i \in I\} \rangle \notin {\mathfrak M}\) (subalgebra of \(A\) generated by \(f\) and \(g_i\) \((i \in I))\). Then the \(Q\)-theory for \({\mathfrak M}\) has a basis independent in \(\widetilde {\mathfrak R}\). This result is in a certain sense reverse to the well-known fact that a quasivariety \({\mathfrak M}\) given by an infinite system of independent quasi-identities has an infinite set of coverings in the lattice of quasivarieties and there exists a denumerable set of coverings \({\mathfrak M}_1, {\mathfrak M}_2, \dots\) of \({\mathfrak M}\) such that for each nonprincipal ultrafilter \({\mathfrak D}\) over the set \(\mathbb{N}\) of natural numbers the corresponding ultraproduct of algebras \(G_i \in {\mathfrak M}_i\) \((i \in \mathbb{N})\) belongs to \({\mathfrak M}\). Further on, as an application of the Theorem mentioned above, the author shows two Corollaries on associative rings and free metabelian groups of rank 2, respectively. The final result is that the \(Q\)-theory of the intersection of the class of all semigroups without elements of finite order and the class of all semigroups embeddable in torsion-free groups has a basis in the combination of the one-element algebra with the class of all semigroups without elements of finite order and this basis is the disjoint union of independent pairs of quasi-identities. Note that the English translation is not free of misinterpretations. Moreover, read quasivariety instead of quasimanifold in all places.