A generalization of a theorem of Ankeny and Rogers (Q2652081): Difference between revisions

Let \(F\) be a finite algebraic extension of the field \(R\) of rational numbers. Let \(m= 2^k m'\) where \(m'\) is odd. Let \(\xi(n)\) denote a primitive \(2^n\)-th root of unity and let \(\alpha\) be the largest integer such that \(\xi(\alpha)+\xi(\alpha)^{-1}\in F\). The author proves that, if a number \(a\) of \(F\) is an \(m\)th power residue for a set of Dirichlet density 1 of prime ideals at which \(a\) is integral, then either (1) \(a\) is an \(m\)th power in \(F\), or (2) \(k>\alpha\), the field \(F\cap R(\xi(k))\) is real and \(a\) is the product of \(\eta = [4/\{\xi(\alpha) +\xi(\alpha)^{-1}+2\}]^{m/2}\) with an \(m\)th power \(s^m\) in \(F\). Conversely, if the conditions (2) are satisfied, then \(a=\eta s^m\) is an \(m\)th residue for every prime ideal \(p\) for which \(s\) is integral at \(p\), although \(\eta\) is not an \(m\)th power in \(F\). When \(F = R\), this reduces to a result, ascribed to Ankeny and the reviewer, which is, in fact, due to \textit{E. Trost} [Nieuw Arch. Wiskd. 18, 58--61 (1934; Zbl 0009.29801)].