Finite representability of \(\ell_p\) in quotients of Banach spaces (Q5928185): Difference between revisions

Let \(X\) be a Banach space with a basis. A fundamental theorem of \textit{J.-L. Krivine} [Ann. Math., II. Ser. 104, 1-29 (1976; Zbl 0329.46008)] states that some \(\ell_p\), with \(1 \leq p < \infty,\) or \(c_0\) is finitely block representable in \(X.\) It implies that the space \(\ell_p\) is 'present' in \(X\) in other ways: as \(\ell^N_p-\)block-sequences, and as asymptotic spaces. The paper is concerned with statements of the following form: Assume that for some \(1 \leq p < q \leq \infty,\) both \(\ell^N_p\) and \(\ell^N_q\) are 'present' in \(X\) for all \(N.\) Let \(r \in (p, q).\) Is \(\ell^N_r\) 'present' in \(X\), or in some space related to \(X\) for all \(N\) as well? The above three notions of 'presence'(namely, in order of increasing complication of combinatorial structure: finite block representability, \(\ell^N_p\)-block-sequences, and asymptotic spaces) are considered and in each case it is shown that under the assumptions above, \(\ell^N_r\) is indeed 'present' in a certain quotient of \(X\). The investigation is based on two basic ingredients: (i) interpolation theory: a suitable interpolation method is identified that allows building \(\ell^N_r\) with required levels of structure as quotients of subspaces of the space \(X\) itself. (ii) new asymptotic approaches in the study of structure of Banach spaces, including various stabilization arguments. A typical result: if \(X\) is a Banach space with a basis, and for some \(1 \leq p < q \leq \infty,\) the spaces \(\ell_p\) and \(\ell_q\) are finitely block representable in every block subspace of \(X\), then every block subspace of \(X\) admits a block quotient \(Z\) such that for every \(1 \leq p < r \leq q,\) the space \(\ell_r\) is finitely block representable in \(Z.\) Results of a similar nature are also established for \(\ell^N_p\)-block-sequences and asymptotic spaces.