Berkovich spaces embed in Euclidean spaces (Q2349109): Difference between revisions

Let \(K\) be a complete nonarchimedean valued field that has a countable dense subset (for instance \(\mathbb{Q}_{p}\), \(\mathbb{F}_{p}(\!(t)\!)\) or the completion of an algebraic closure of those). Let \(V\) be a quasi-projective \(K\)-scheme. In [Spectral theory and analytic geometry over non-archimedean fields. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (1990; Zbl 0715.14013)], \textit{V. G. Berkovich} developed a theory of nonarchimedean analytic spaces that bear similar features to that of complex analytic spaces. In particular, in the previous setting, he defines a \(K\)-analytic space \(V^{\mathrm{an}}\) that is a topological space with a sheaf of analytic functions. In the first part of the paper, the authors show that, if \(V\) has dimension \(d\), then \(V^{\mathrm{an}}\) embeds into \(\mathbb{R}^{2d+1}\). The proof builds on a deep result by the first two authors in [Non-archimedean tame topology and stably dominated types. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (2016; Zbl 1365.14033)], which implies that \(V^{\mathrm{an}}\) is a inverse limit of finite simplicial complexes of dimension \(d\), together with classical topological arguments. In the second part, the authors deal specifically with analytification of curves and relate them to classical topological objects. Recall that a dendrite is a continuum ({i.e.} a compact connected metrizable space) that is locally connected and contains no simple closed curves ({i.e.} subspaces homeomorphic to circles). In [Ann. Soc. Polon. Math. 2, 49--170 (1924; JFM 50.0373.02)], \textit{T. Wazewski} proved that there exists a universal dendrite \(W\) into which every dendrite embeds. The authors prove that, if \(K\) is not trivially valued, then the Berkovich analytification of \(\mathbb{P}^1\) is homeomorphic to \(W\). More generally, if \(V\) is a projective \(K\)-scheme of pure dimension 1, then \(V^{\mathrm{an}}\) is a finite disjoint union of local dendrites (same definition as above with a finite number of simple closed curves allowed). The result can be made more precise in the case where \(V\) is also smooth and connected and \(K\) non trivially valued. Then, \(V^{\mathrm{an}}\) contains a well-defined finite graph \(G\), called its skeleton, which is a strong deformation retract of \(V^{\mathrm{an}}\), and \(V^{\mathrm{an}}\) is homeomorphic to the universal \(G\)-dendrite, with an appropriate definition.