On polynomials orthogonal to all powers of a Chebyshev polynomial on a segment (Q1881745): Difference between revisions

In the recent series of papers by M.~Briskin, J.-P.~Francoise and Y.~Yomdin the following `polynomial moment problem' arose as an infinitesimal version of the center problem for the Abel differential equation in the complex domain: For a complex polynomial \(P(z)\) and distinct \(a, b\in\mathbb C\) to describe polynomials \(q(z)\) such that \(\int_a^bP^i(z)q(z)\,dz = 0\), \textit{for integers} \(i\geq 0.\) The author gives a solution of this problem in the case when \(P(z)\) is a Chebyshev polynomial \(T_n(z)\). Denote by \(V(T_n,a,b)\) the vector space over \(\mathbb C\) consisting of complex polynomials \(q(z)\) satisfying (1) for \(P(z) = T_n(z)\). It is proved that for any \(n\in\mathbb N\) and \(a, b\in\mathbb C\), polynomials \(T'_m(z)\) such that \(T_d(d) =T_d(b)\) for \(d = \text{GCD}(n,m)\) form a basis of \(V(T_n,a,b)\). Non-zero polynomials orthogonal to all integer non-negative powers of \(T_n(z)\) on \([a,b]\) exist iff \(T_n(a) = T_n(b)\). For any \(q(z)\in V(T_n, a, b)\) there exist divisors \(d_1, d_2\) of \(n\) such that \(\int q(z)\,dz = A(T_{d_1}(z)) + B(T_{d_2}(z))\) for some \(A(z), B(z)\in\mathbb C[z]\) and the equalities \(T_{d_1}(a) = T_{d_1}(b)\), \(T_{d_2}(a) = T_{d_2}(b)\) hold.