On an inequality in the elementary theory of numbers. (Q2601920): Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 11:11, 30 July 2024

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On an inequality in the elementary theory of numbers.
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    On an inequality in the elementary theory of numbers. (English)
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    1937
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    \(a_{1}\), \(a_{2}\),\dots, \(a_{n}\) seien \(n\) positive ganze Zahlen. Die Anzahl derjenigen ganzen Zahlen \(\leqq z\), welche durch kein \(a_{\nu }\) teilbar sind, heiße \(N_n(z)\). Es ist dann \[ \begin{gathered} \lim_{z\to\infty }\,z^{-1}\,N_n(z)=A_n=1-\textstyle \kern-2pt\sum\limits_{\nu _1=1}^{n}\dfrac{1}{a_{\nu _1}}+\kern-2pt\sum\limits_{\nu _1=2}^{n}\sum\limits_{\nu _2=1}^{\nu _1-1}\dfrac{1}{[a_{\nu _1}, a_{\nu _2}]}-\cdots \\ \qquad\;\dots +(-1)^n\dfrac{1}{[a_1, a_2,\dots, a_n]},\end{gathered} \] wo \([u_1, u_2,\dots, u_\mu ]\) das kleinste gemeinsame Vielfache von \(u_1\), \(u_2\),\dots, \(u_\mu\) bedeutet. Verf. beweist \[ \displaylines{\rlap{\qquad\!(1)} \hfill A_n\geqq \textstyle \prod\limits_{\nu =1}^{n} \biggl(1-\dfrac{1}{a_\nu }\biggr).\hfill} \] (2) Genauer: Sind \(\xi _1\), \(\xi _2\),\dots, \(\xi _n\) reelle Zahlen mit \(0\leqq \xi _\nu \leqq 1\), so ist \[ \begin{gathered} A_n(\xi _1, \xi _2,\dots, \xi _n)=1-\textstyle \kern-2pt\sum\limits_{\nu _1=1}^{n}\dfrac{\xi _{\nu _1}}{a_{\nu _1}}+\kern-3pt\sum\limits_{\nu _1=2}^{n}\sum\limits_{\nu _2=1}^{\nu _1-1}\dfrac{\xi _{\nu _1}\,\xi _{\nu _2}}{[a_{\nu _1}, a_{\nu _2}]}-\cdots \\ \quad\dots +(-1)^n\dfrac{\xi _1\,\xi _2\ldots\xi _n}{[a_1, a_2,\dots, a_n]}\geqq \prod\limits_{\nu =1}^{n}\biggl(1-\dfrac{\xi _\nu }{a_\nu }\biggr).\end{gathered} \] Hieraus folgt: (3) Sind \(b\), \(m\) ganze Zahlen, \(b > 1\), \(m > 0\), \((b, m) = 1\), bedeutet ferner \(f(m)\) die kleinste positive ganze Zahl \(f\), für die \(b^f\equiv q \pmod m\), dann ist \[ \textstyle \sum\limits_{\substack{ m=1\\(m, b)=1}}^{\infty }\dfrac{\mu (m)}{mf(m)}\geqq \kern-6pt\prod\limits_{\substack{ p\,\nmid\, b\\(p\;\text{\textit{Primzahl}})}}\biggl(1-\dfrac{1}{pf(p)}\biggr)>0. \] (1) wurde unabhängig auch von \textit{Rohrbach} bewiesen (vgl. das vorstehende Referat).
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