Functors of liftings of projective schemes (Q2422707): Difference between revisions

Let \(K\) be an infinite field. Let \(A\) be a Noetherian \(K\)-algebra and \(\mathbb{P}_{A}^{n}\) be the \(n\)-dimensional projective space over \(A\). In this paper, closed projective schemes are investigated. These projective schemes are investigated in the flavour of the lifting problem, stated as follows: given a closed subscheme \(Y \subset\mathbb{P}_{K}^{n-1}\), explicitly describe all closed subschemes \(W \subset \mathbb{P}_{A}^{n}\) such that \(Y\) is a general hyperplane section of \(W\), up to an extension of scalars. The classical approach consists of considering a general hyperplane section of \(W\). The advantage of this approach is that many properties of \(W\) are preserved under general hyperplane sections. The converse approach (i.e. the lifting problem) occurs when one proceeds to the inverse problem. It consists in finding a scheme \(W\), starting from a possible hyperplane section \(Y\). Every such scheme \(W\) is called a lifting of \(Y\) and the saturated defining ideal \(I\) of \(W\) is called a lifting of the saturated defining ideal \(I'\) of \(Y\). All the liftings of \(Y\) with a given Hilbert polynomial \(p(t)\) are characterised by a parameter scheme and is described through the functor it represents. The tools which are used come from methods in Gröbner basis and marked bases theories. More precisely, it is proven that a subscheme \(W\) is a lifting of \(Y\) only if \(I\) belongs to a Gröbner stratum over a monomial ideal \(J\), which is a lifting of the initial ideal of \(I'\) (this is described in the Theorem 4.5). The proofs of these results are constructive and produce a method for the computation of the locally closed subschemes in a Hilbert scheme, whose disjoint union corresponds to all liftings with a given Hilbert polynomial via Gröbner strata. The main result is resumed as follows: Theorem A. Let \(p(t)\) be the Hilbert polynomial of a lifting of \(Y\). (1) If \(Y\) is equidimensional, the the family of the equidimensional liftings of \(Y\) with Hilbert polynnomial \(p(t)\) is parametrized by a locally closed subscheme of \(\mathrm{Hilb}^np(t)\). (2) The family of the liftings of \(Y\) with Hilbert polynomial \(p(t)\) is parameterized by a subscheme of \(\mathrm{Hilb}^np(t)\) which can be explicitly constructed. By part (2) of this theorem, all the liftings of \(Y\) with a given Hilbert polynomial are characterised by a parameter scheme that is obtained by gluing suitable affine open subschemes in a Hilbert scheme and is described through the functor it represents. Algorithms for computing parameter schemes for the liftings of a saturated homogeneous ideal \(I' \subset K[x]\) over a Noetherian \(K\)-algebra \(A\) in \(Hilb^n_p(t)\) by means of Gröbner strata are given. Investigations in this topic can produce methods to obtain schemes with specific properties. For instance, the following proposition is given: Proposition 3.5. Let \(W\) be a lifting of a scheme \(Y\). If \(Y\) is smooth on a point \(P\) then also \(W\) is smooth on \(P\). Finally, many examples of explicit computations are provided.