Estimates for Weierstrass division in ultradifferentiable classes (Q289500): Difference between revisions

The author studies divison of function germs in Denjoy-Carleman classes \(C_M\) by suitable Weierstrass polynomials \(P(x,t) = x^d + a_1(t)x^{d-1} + \cdots + a_d(t)\), here the coefficients \(a_i\) are real analytic function germs at the origin in \(\mathbb R^m\). A smooth function \(f\) belongs to the Denjoy-Carleman class \(C_M\) if and only if on every compact set we have \(|\partial^\alpha f| \leq C^{|\alpha| +1} |\alpha|! M_{|\alpha|}\) for all \(\alpha \in \mathbb N^m\) and some constant \(C>0\). The weight sequence \(M = (M_j)_{j \in \mathbb N}\) is assumed to satisfy some regularity properties (logarithmic convexity, strong non-quasianalyticity, and moderate growth), which, in particular, guarantee that a version of Whitney's extension theorem is valid in the class \(C_M\). By the Malgrange-Mather division theorem, \[ f(x,t) = P(x,t) q(x,t) + \sum_{j=0}^{d-1} r_j(t) x^j, \] for (non-unique) \(C^\infty\) germs \(q\) and \(r_j\). But, if \(f\) is a germ of class \(C_M\), then in general \(q\) and \(r_j\) cannot be chosen in the same class \(C_M\). Due to \textit{M. D. Bronshtejn} [Trans. Mosc. Math. Soc. 1990, 109--138 (1990); translation from Tr. Mosk. Mat. O.-va 52, 110--137 (1989; Zbl 0736.46019)] (in the Gevrey case) and \textit{J. Chaumat} and \textit{A.-M. Chollet} [Stud. Math. 116, No. 1, 59--84 (1995; Zbl 0839.32002)], \(q\) and \(r_j\) may be taken in \(C_{M^d}\), where \(M^d = (M_j^d)_{j}\). \textit{J. Chaumat} and \textit{A.-M. Chollet} [Can. J. Math. 56, No. 6, 1121--1144 (2004; Zbl 1067.26027)] also proved that no loss of regularity occurs if \(P(x,t)\) has only real roots as a polynomial in \(x\). The author obtains a better Denjoy-Carleman regularity for \(q\) and \(r_j\) provided the locus \(\Gamma\) of the complex roots of \(P\) has sufficiently well-behaved geometry. More precisely, \(q\) and \(r_j\) can be chosen in \(C_{M^{\sigma}}\), where \(\sigma \in [1,d]\) is a Łojasiewicz exponent associated with metric properties of \(\Gamma\) and the sets \(\{\tau \in \mathbb C^m : P(z,\tau)=0\}\) for \(z\) near \(0 \in \mathbb C\). In many examples \(\sigma < d\). Some examples are given in which \(q\) and \(r_j\) may not be chosen in any class \(C_N\) smaller than \(C_{M^\sigma}\). The main technical tool are \(\bar \partial\)-flat extensions of functions of class \(C_M\).