New trigonometric identities and reciprocity laws of generalized Dedekind sums (Q520650): Difference between revisions

The author considers a product of the form \[ \prod_{l=1}^{j_I}a_l^{m_l}\cot^{(m_l-1)}(\pi(a_lz-w_l))\prod_{l=j_i+1}^{j_I+j_II} a_l^{m_l}\csc^{(m_l-1)}(\pi(a_lz-w_l)) \] and obtain some expressions of this by using higher derivatives of the cotangent and cosecant functions, which give various known and also new reciprocity laws of generalized Dedekind sums uniformly from suitable specializations. More precisely, the following theorem holds: Theorem 3.1. Let \(r\in {\mathbb Z}_{\geq 2},\,{a}=(a_1,\dots,a_r)\) and \({m}=(m_1,\dots,m_r)\) in \({\mathbb Z}_{\geq 1}^{r},\,{w}=(w_1,\dots,w_r)\) with \(w_i\in \mathcal{R}=\{z\in {\mathbb C}|\,0\leq \text{{Re}}(z)<1\}\), and \({j}=(j_I,\,j_{II})\in {\mathbb Z}_{\geq 0}^2\) with \(j_I+j_{II}=r\). And also for \(J=I\) and \(II\), let \[ \begin{aligned} \varphi_N^{(J)}(z) & =\frac{1}{z^N}+\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{n\delta_{J,II}} \left(\frac{1}{(z+n)^N}+\frac{1}{(z-n)^N}\right) =\frac{(-1)^{N-1}}{(N-1)!}\left(\frac{d}{dz}\right)^{N-1}\varphi_1^{(J)}(z)\;,\\ \varphi_N^{({j},l)}(z) & =\varphi_N^{(I)}(z)\delta_I^{({j},l)}+ \varphi_N^{(II)}(z)\delta_{II}^{({j},l)} \;\;\text{with}\;\; \delta_{I}^{({j},l)}=\sum_{j=1}^{j_I}\delta_{j,l}\;\,\text{and} \;\;\delta_{II}^{({j},l)}= \sum_{j=j_{I}+1}^{j_I+j_{II}}\delta_{j,l}\;, \end{aligned} \] and \[ \Phi^{({j})}(z;{a},{m},{w})=\prod_{l=1}^{r}a_l^{m_l} \varphi_{m_l}^{({j},l)}(a_lz-w_l). \] Then for case \(J\), \[ \Phi^{({j})}(z;\,{a},{m},{w})=\cos\left(\frac{\pi r}{2}\right) \pi^r\delta_{j_{II},0} \prod_{l=1}^r a_l\delta_{m_l,1} +\sum_{n=1}^{|{m}|}\sum_{\rho}\mathcal{A}_n^{({j},-)}(\rho;{a},{m},{w}) \varphi_n^{(J)}(z-\rho), \] where \(\rho\) runs over all poles of \(\Phi^{({j})}(z;{a},{m},{w})\) in \(\mathcal{R}\) and \(|{m}|=\sum_{i=1}^r m_i\). Here \[ \mathcal{A}_n^{({j},-)}(\rho;{a},{m},{w})=\sum_{\Lambda\in R_{\rho}} \sum_{{(\nu_k)_{k\in \Lambda^c}}\in K_{n,\Lambda}^{-}}\prod _{l\in \Lambda}\text{sgn}^{({j},l)}(\rho;a_l,w_l) \prod_{u\in \Lambda^c}\{A_{\nu_u}^{({j},u)}(\rho;a_u,m_u,w_u)\}\;, \] \[ A_{\nu}^{({j},l)}(\rho;a,m,w)=A_{\nu}^{(I)}(\rho;a,m,w)\delta_{I}^{({j},l)} +A_{\nu}^{(II)}(\rho;a,m,w)\delta_{II}^{({j},l)}\;, \] and \(A_{\nu}^{(J)}(\rho;a,m,w)\) is the coefficient of \((z-\rho)^{\nu}\) in the Laurent expansion around \(z=\rho\) of \(a^m\varphi_m^{(J)}(az-w)\), where \(R_{\rho}=\{\Lambda\subset \{1,\cdots,r\}|a_\lambda\rho-w_{\lambda}\in {\mathbb Z}\;\; \text{for all}\;\lambda\in \Lambda\}\), \(\Lambda^{c}=\{1,\cdots,r\}-\Lambda\), \(K_{n,\Lambda}^{-}=\{(\nu_k)_{k\in \Lambda^c}\in {\mathbb Z}_{\geq 0}^{|\Lambda^c|} |n=-\sum_{k\in \Lambda^c}\nu_k+\sum_{\lambda\in \Lambda}m_{\lambda}\}\), and sgn\(^{({j},l)}(\rho;a,w)=(-1)^{(a\rho-w)\delta_{II}^{({j},l)}}\,,\;\text{if}\;\; a\rho-w\in {\mathbb Z}\,\text{and}\;0,\,\text{otherwise}\).