On Perron complements of inverse \(N_{0}\)-matrices (Q630557): Difference between revisions

A matrix \(A \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}\) is called an \({\mathcal N} _0\) matrix if \(A \leq 0\) (meaning that all the components of \(A\) are nonpositive) and all principal minors of \(A\) are nonpositive. A \(Z\)-matrix \(B\) (meaning that all the off-diagonal entries of \(B\) are nonnegative), frequently represented as \(B=tI-P\), is called an \(N_0\) matrix if \(\rho _{n-1}(P) \leq t < \rho (P)\), where \(\rho(.)\) stands for the spectral radius of the matrix and \(\rho _{n-1}(P)\) denotes the spectral radius of all principal submatrices of \(P\) of order \(n-1\). For \(A \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}\), the matrix \(A[\alpha,\beta]\) denotes that submatrix of \(A\) uniquely determined by the fact that the rows and columns of \(A[\alpha,\beta]\) are defined by the subsets (of strictly increasing integers) \(\alpha, \beta \subset \{1,2,\dots,n\}\), respectively. If \(\alpha = \beta\), then we denote \(A[\alpha,\beta]\) by \(A[\alpha]\). \textit{C. D. Meyer} [Linear Algebra Appl. 114--115, 69--94 (1989; Zbl 0673.15006)] defined the Perron complement of \(A[\beta]\) of \(A\), for any \(\alpha \subset \{1,2,\dots,n\}\) and \(\beta=\{1,2,\dots,n\} \backslash \alpha\), by \[ P(A/A[\beta])=A[\alpha] + A[\alpha,\beta](\rho(A)I-A[\beta])^{-1}A[\beta,\alpha]. \] \textit{M. Neumann} [Linear Algebra Appl. 313, No.~1--3, 163--171 (2000; Zbl 0959.15023)] generalized this notion to define \(P_t(A/A[\beta])\) for any \(t \geq \rho(A)\) (for \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) as above), where the inverse matrix \((\rho(A)I-A[\beta])^{-1}\) on the right hand side of the above is replaced by \((tI-A[\beta])^{-1}\). He showed that if \(A\) is the inverse of an irreducible \(M\)-matrix, then its Perron complements are also inverses of \(M\)-matrices. The authors of the paper under review propose modified notions of these facts for a non-positive and irreducible matrix (for \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) as above) as follows: \[ P(A/A[\beta])=A[\alpha] - A[\alpha,\beta](\rho(A)I+A[\beta])^{-1}A[\beta,\alpha] \] and for any \(t \geq \rho(A)\), \[ P_t(A/A[\beta])=A[\alpha] - A[\alpha,\beta](tI+A[\beta])^{-1}A[\beta,\alpha]. \] It is shown that the extended Perron complements of \({\mathcal N} _0\) (\(N _0\)) matrices are \({\mathcal N} _0\) (\(N _0\)) matrices.