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Latest revision as of 20:30, 10 December 2024

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Note on a theorem of Mertens.
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    Note on a theorem of Mertens. (English)
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    1927
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    Für den Mertensschen Satz \[ \prod_{p \leqq x} \left( 1 - \frac 1p \right) \sim \frac {e^{-C}}{\log x} \] (\(C\): die Eulersche Konstante; \(p\): die Primzahlen 2, 3, 5, \dots) wird ein kurzer, die fol- genden Hilfssätze benutzender Beweis gegeben: 1. Es sei \(a > 0\) und \(\delta > 0\): \[ \int_a^\infty \frac{e^{- \delta x}}{x} \, dx - \log \frac 1\delta \to -\log a - C, \text{ wenn } \delta \to 0. \] 2. Bedeutet \(\Pi (x)\) die Anzahl der Primzahlen \(\leqq x\), so gilt für jede stetig differenzierbare Funktion \(\varPhi (x)\): \[ \sum_{p \leqq x} \varPhi (p) = \Pi (x) \varPhi (x)- \int_2^x \Pi (t) \varPhi^\prime (t)\;dt. \] 3. \(\Pi (x) = O \left( \dfrac x{\log x} \right)\). 4. Existiert für \(\delta > 0\) das Integral \[ I(\delta) = \int_a^\infty f(t) t^{-\delta}\;dt \qquad (a>0), \] folgt \(I (\delta) \to l\) aus \(\delta \to 0\) und ist \(f(t) = O \left(\dfrac 1{t \log t}\right)\), so existiert auch \(I(0)\), und es ist \(I (0) = l\). Zu 4. vgl. E. Landau (1913; F. d. M. 44, 282 (JFM 44.0282.*)-283).
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