Identities and isomorphisms of finite-dimensional graded simple algebras (Q1734232): Difference between revisions

The main theorem of the paper under review is as follows. Let \(U\) and \(V\) be two finite dimensional algebras over an algebraically closed field \(F\). Assume \(G\) is a finite abelian group and \(U\) and \(V\) are \(G\)-graded and simple as \(G\)-graded algebras (that is they have no nontrivial homogeneous ideals). Then \(U\) and \(V\) are isomorphic as \(G\)-graded algebras if and only if they satisfy the same graded identities. The algebras need not be associative. The problem of identifying the algebras through the identities they satisfy appeared long ago. Clearly two nonisomorphic algebras can satisfy the same identities (say \(U\) and \(U\oplus U\)). Thus one is led to consider simple algebras. But even in the associative case one takes, over the real field, the quaternion algebra and the \(2\times 2\) matrices. These are not isomorphic as the first is a division algebra while the second has zero divisors. Hence assume the field algebraically closed. In the associative case the isomorphism of two simple finite dimensional algebras satisfying the same identities follows from the fact that the \(n\times n\) matrices satisfy no identity of degree \(<2n\). Add to it the well known theorem of Amitsur and Levitzki that it satisfies the standard identity of degree \(2n\), and one has the result. This was transferred to other varieties of algebras beyond the associative ones. One always considers simple finite dimensional algebras over an algebraically closed field. \textit{A. Kh. Kushkulej} and \textit{Yu. P. Razmyslov} [Vestn. Mosk. Univ., Ser. I 1983, No. 5, 4--7 (1983; Zbl 0516.17007)] proved that irreducible faithful representations of simple Lie algebra can be distinguished by their identities. Clearly this implies that one can distinguish simple Lie algebras by means of their identities. \textit{V. S. Drensky} and \textit{M. L. Racine} [Commun. Algebra 20, No. 2, 309--327 (1992; Zbl 0745.17027)] obtained the same result for Jordan algebras. \textit{I. Shestakov} and \textit{M. Zaicev} [Commun. Algebra 39, No. 3, 929--932 (2011; Zbl 1253.17003)] proved that two finite dimensional simple (not necessarily associative) algebras satisfying the same identities are isomorphic. \par It is natural to study a similar problem in the context of group-graded algebras. Thus \textit{P. Koshlukov} and \textit{M. Zaicev} [Linear Algebra Appl. 432, No. 12, 3141--3148 (2010; Zbl 1194.16016)] solved the problem when the grading group is finite abelian imposing additional restrictions on the characteristic of the field. Later on \textit{E. Aljadeff} and \textit{D. Haile} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 366, No. 4, 1749--1771 (2014; Zbl 1297.16019)] generalised the same theorem when the grading group is arbitrary and finite. Quite recently, \textit{Y. Bahturin} and \textit{F. Yasumura} [Linear Algebra Appl. 562, 1--14 (2019; Zbl 1435.17006)], obtained a far-reaching generalisation of the above mentioned results (which include nongraded algebras, graded algebras, algebras with additional operations and so on).