Ramanujan's ``lost notebook'' and the Virasoro algebra (Q1766918): Difference between revisions

Using the theory of vertex operator algebras, the author shows that the functions \[ y_1=q^{11/60}\prod_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{(1-q^{5n+2})(1-q^{5n+3})}\,\, \text{and}\,\, y_2=q^{-1/60} \prod_{n=0}^\infty \frac{1}{(1-q^{5n+1})(1-q^{5n+4})}, \] with \(q=e^{2\pi i\tau}\), satisfy the differential equation \[ \left(q\frac{d}{dq}\right)^2y+2G_2(q)\left(q\frac{d}{dq}\right)y-\frac{11}{5}G_4(q)y=0, \] where \[ G_2(q)=-\frac{1}{12}+2\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{nq^n}{1-q^n} \] and \[ G_4(q)=\frac{1}{720}+\frac{1}{3}\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{n^3q^n}{1-q^n}. \] By considering the Wronskian \[ W=\left| \begin{matrix} y_1 &y_2 \\ y_1' &y_2'\end{matrix}\right| , \] where \(f'\) denote the derivative with respect to \(\tau\), the author gives a new proof of the following identity of Ramanujan: \[ 1-5\sum_{n=1}^\infty \left(\frac{n}{5}\right)\frac{nq^n}{1-q^n}= \prod_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(1-q^n)^5}{(1-q^{5n})}. \] In the second part of the paper, the author uses similar ideas to derive new identities associated with functions of the form \[ A_{i,k}(q)=\frac{ 6i^2-6i+1+6k^2-12ki+5k}{12(2k+1)}+ \sum_{n\geq 0, n\not\equiv \pm i, 0\! \pmod{2k+1}} \frac{nq^n}{1-q^n}. \] For example, when \(k=3\), the author derives the new identity \[ \left| \begin{matrix} 1 &1 &1\\ a_1 &a_2 &a_3 \\ q\dfrac{da_1}{dq} &q\dfrac{da_2}{dq} &q\dfrac{da_3}{dq}\end{matrix}\right| + \left| \begin{matrix} 1 &1 &1\\ a_1 &a_2 &a_3 \\ a_1^2 &a_2^2 &a _3^2\end{matrix}\right| =-\frac{6}{7^3}\prod_{k=1}^\infty \left(\frac{(1-q^k)^7}{(1-q^{7k})}\right)^2, \] where \[ a_i= A_{i,3}(q). \]