Blow-up analysis for approximate Dirac-harmonic maps in dimension 2 with applications to the Dirac-harmonic heat flow (Q2406072): Difference between revisions

Let \(M^2\) be a compact Riemann surface, equipped with a Riemannian metric and with a fixed spin structure. Let \(\Sigma M\) be the spinor bundle over \(M\) and \(\langle \cdot, \cdot\rangle_{\Sigma M}\) be the metric on \(\Sigma M\) induced by the metric on \(M\). Let \(\phi: M \to (N^m, g)\) be a smooth map from \(M\) to another compact Riemannian manifold with dimension \(m \geq 2\). Then there is a metric \(\langle \cdot, \cdot\rangle_{\Sigma M \otimes \phi^\ast TN}\) on the twisted bundle \(\Sigma M \otimes \phi^\ast TN\) which is induced from the metrics on \(\Sigma M\) and the pull-back bundle \( \phi^\ast TN\). A section \(\psi\) of the bundle \(\Sigma M \otimes \phi^\ast TN\) can be written as \(\psi = \psi^i \otimes \partial_{y^i}(\phi)\), where each \(\psi^i\) is a usual spinor on \(M\) and \(\partial_{y^i}\) is the natural local basis on \(N\), and the naturally induced connection \(\widetilde \nabla\) on \(\Sigma M \otimes \phi^\ast TN\) becomes \[ {\widetilde \nabla}\psi = \nabla \psi \otimes \partial_{y^i} (\phi) + \left(\Gamma^i_{jk}\nabla \phi^i\right)\psi^k \otimes \partial_{y^i}(\phi), \] where \(\nabla\) is the spin connection on \(\Sigma M\) and \(\Gamma^i_{jk}\) is the Christoffel symbol of the Levi-Civita connection of \(N\). The Dirac operator along the map \(\phi\) is defined by \( {/\kern -7.pt D\kern 5.0pt}\psi = {e_\alpha} \cdot {\widetilde{ \nabla}}_{{e_\alpha}} \psi,\) where \(\{e_1, e_2\}\) is a local orthonormal basis on \(M\). Consider the following functional \[ L(\phi, \psi) = \int_M \left(| d\phi|^2 + \langle \psi, {/\kern -7.pt D\kern 5.0pt} \psi\rangle_{\Sigma M \otimes \phi^\ast TN}\right)\, dM \] which is conformally invariant. After embedding \(N\) into \(\mathbb R^K\) by the Nash embedding theorem, the critical points \((\phi, \psi)\) of the functional \(L\) satisfy the Euler-Lagrange equations \[ \Delta \phi = A(\phi) (d\phi, d\phi) + \mathrm{Re}( P(\mathcal A(d\phi(e_\alpha), e_\alpha\cdot \psi); \psi)), \] \[ /\kern -7.pt \partial\kern 7.0pt \psi = \mathcal A(d\phi(e_\alpha), e_\alpha \cdot \psi), \] where \( /\kern -7.pt \partial\kern 7.0pt\) is the usual Dirac operator, \(A\) is the second fundamental form of \(N\) in \(\mathbb R^K\), and \[ \mathcal A(d\phi(e_\alpha), e_\alpha \cdot \psi) = (\nabla \phi^i \cdot\psi^j)\otimes A(\partial_{y^i}, \partial_{y^j}), \] \[ \mathrm{Re}( P(\mathcal A(d\phi(e_\alpha), e_\alpha\cdot \psi); \psi)) = P(A(\partial_{y^l}, \partial_{y^j}); \partial_{y^i})\mathrm{Re}(\langle \psi^i, d\phi^l \cdot \psi^j\rangle). \] Here \(P(\xi; \cdot)\) denotes the shape operator defined by \(\langle P(\xi; X), Y\rangle = \langle A(X, Y), \xi\rangle\). We say that a pair \((\phi, \psi)\in W^{2,2}(M,N) \times W^{1, \frac{4}{3}}(M, \Sigma M \times \phi^\ast TN)\) is an approximate Dirac-harmonic map if there exists \((\tau(\phi, \psi), h(\phi, \psi))\in L^1(M)\) such that \[ \tau(\phi, \psi) = \Delta \phi - A(\phi) (d\phi, d\phi) - \mathrm{Re}( P(\mathcal A(d\phi(e_\alpha), e_\alpha\cdot \psi); \psi)), \] \[ h(\phi, \psi) = /\kern -7.pt \partial\kern 7.0pt \psi - \mathcal A(d\phi(e_\alpha), e_\alpha \cdot \psi). \] In this paper, the authors prove that approximate Dirac-harmonic maps \(\{(\phi_n, \psi_n)\}\) under controlled error terms continue to satisfy the basic properties of blow-up analysis like the energy identity and the no-neck property. More precisely, for a sequence of smooth approximate Dirac-harmonic maps \(\{(\phi_n, \psi_n)\}\) from \(M\) to \((N^m, g)\) with uniformly bounded energy \(E(\phi_n, \psi_n) \leq \Lambda < \infty\) and \(\| \tau(\phi_n, \psi_n)\|_{L^2} + \| h(\phi_n, \psi_n)\|_{L^4} \leq \Lambda,\) the blow-up set \(\mathcal S\) is finite and there exists an approximate Dirac-harmonic map \((\phi, \psi)\) such that a subsequence converges weakly in \(W^{2,2}_{\mathrm{loc}}(M \setminus\mathcal S) \times W^{1,2}_{\mathrm{loc}}(M\setminus \mathcal S)\) to \((\phi, \psi)\). Moreover, \((\phi_n, \psi_n)\) satisfies the energy identity and the no-neck property.