A measure zero universal differentiability set in the Heisenberg group (Q2396223): Difference between revisions

Assume that \(\mathbb{R}^{2n+1}\) is an Euclidean space with the non-commutative group low: \[ (a, b, c)(a', b', c')=\big(a+a', b+b', c+c'-2(\langle a, a'\rangle-\langle b, b'\rangle)\big)\,. \] This space is called \textit{Heisenberg group} and denote by \(\mathbb{H}^n\). A function \(L:\mathbb{H}^n\to\mathbb{R}\) is said to be \(\mathbb{H}\)-linear if \(L(xy)=L(x)+L(y)\) and \(L\left(\delta_r(x)\right)=rL(x)\), where for \(r>0\), \(\delta_r:\mathbb{H}^n\to\mathbb{H}^n\) are dilations as follows \[ \delta_r(a, b, c)=(ra, rb, r^2c)\quad (a,b\in\mathbb{R}^n, c\in\mathbb{R})\,. \] Suppose that \(f:\mathbb{H}^n\to\mathbb{R}\) and \(x\in:\mathbb{H}^n\), the function \(f\) is called \textit{Pansu differentiable} at \(x\), if there is a \(\mathbb{H}\)-linear map \(L:\mathbb{H}^n\to\mathbb{R}\) such that \[ \lim_{y\to x}\frac{\left|f(y)-f(x)-L\left(x^{-1}y\right)\right|}{d(x,y)}=0\,, \] where \(d(x,y)\) is the Carnot-Carathéodory distance on \(\mathbb{H}^n\). In this paper under review, the authors show that the Heisenberg group \(\mathbb{H}^n\) contains a measure zero set \(N\) such that every Lipschitz function \(f:\mathbb{H}^n\to\mathbb{R}\) is Pansu differentiable at a point of \(N\). In continuation, the authors prove that for any Lipschitz function \(f_0:\mathbb{H}^n\to\mathbb{R}\), there is a Lipschitz function \(f:\mathbb{H}^n\to\mathbb{R}\) such that \(f-f_0\) is \(\mathbb{H}\)-linear and \(f\) has an almost locally maximal horizontal directional derivative.