A note on absolute summability factors (Q5907055): Difference between revisions

The author is concerned, here, with certain general methods of summability of an infinite series, \(\sum^\infty_{n=1} a_n\), which are defined in the following manner. Let \(t^\alpha_n\) denote the \(n\)th Cesàro mean, of order \(\alpha\), of the sequence \(\{n\alpha_n\}^\infty_{n=1}\). That is \(t^\alpha_n={1\over A^\alpha_n}\sum^n_{k=1}A^{\alpha-1}_{n-k} k a_k\), where \(A^\alpha_n=O(n^\alpha)\), \(\alpha>-1\) and \(A^\alpha_0=1\). If \(\{\varphi_n\}^\infty_{n=1}\) is a sequence of complex numbers, then \(\sum^\infty_{n=1} a_n\) is summable \(\varphi\)-\(|C,\alpha|_k,\;k\geq 1\), \(\alpha>-1\), if \(\sum^\infty_{n=1} n^{-k}|\varphi_n t^\alpha_n|^k < +\infty\). A sequence, \(\{b_n\}^\infty_{n=1}\), of real numbers is \(\delta\)-quasimonotone if \(b_n\) is positive, for all sufficiently large \(n\), \(\lim_n b_n=0\), and \(\Delta b_n\geq -\delta_n\), for all \(n\), where \(\{\delta_n\}^\infty_{n=1}\) is a sequence of positive numbers. The sequence \(\{b_n\}^\infty_{n=1}\) is almost increasing if there are positive constants \(A\) and \(B\), and an increasing sequence \(\{c_n\}^\infty_{n=1}\), of positive numbers, such that \(A c_n\leq b_n\leq Bc_n\), for all \(n\). The present article is devoted to the proof of the following result. Theorem. Let \(\{\lambda_n\}^\infty_{n=1}\), \(\{A_n\}^\infty_{n=1}\), and \(\{X_n\}^\infty_{n=1}\) satisfy the conditions: \(\{X_n\}^\infty_{n=1}\) is almost increasing; \(|\lambda_n| X_n=O(1)\), as \(n\to +\infty\); \(\{A_n\}^\infty_{n=1}\) is \(\delta\)-quasimonotone; \(\sum^\infty_{n=1} n A_n X_n\) converges; and \(|\Delta\lambda_n|\leq |A_n|\), for all \(n\). If there is an \(\varepsilon>0\) such that \(\{n^{\varepsilon-k} |\varphi_n|^k\}^\infty_{n=1}\) is nonincreasing, if \[ \omega_n^\alpha=\begin{cases} |t_n^\alpha|,&\text{ if }\alpha=1,\\ \max_{1\leq k\leq n}\;|t^\alpha_k|,&\text{ if }0<\alpha<1,\end{cases} \] and if \(\sum^m_{n=1} n^{-k}(\omega_n^\alpha |\varphi_n|)^k=O(X_m)\), as \(m\to +\infty\), then \(\sum^\infty_{n=1} a_n\lambda_n\) is summable \(\varphi\)-\(|C,\alpha|_k\), for \(k\geq 1\), \(0<\alpha\leq 1\), and \(k\alpha+\varepsilon > 1\). The theorem extends an earlier result due to \textit{H.~Bor} [Atti Semin. Mat. Fis. Univ. Modena 39, 419--422 (1991; Zbl 0758.40005)].