Global existence for a class of cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equations in one space dimension (Q5945560): Difference between revisions

The author considers the Cauchy problem of the following nonlinear Schrödinger equation in one space dimension: \[ iu_t+\tfrac12\, u_{xx} = F(u,\bar{u},u_x,\bar{u}_x) \tag{1} \] \[ u(0,x)=u_0(x), \tag{2} \] Here \(u\) is a complex-valued function of \((t,x) \in \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R} \) and \(F\) is a smooth function on a neighborhood of the origin such that for some integer \(p \geq 2\) \[ F(u,\bar{u},q,\bar{q})=O(u^p+q^p) \quad \text{near the origin.} \tag{3} \] He proves the global existence of a solution to the Cauchy problem (1)--(2) in the usual Sobolev spaces for small initial data and the existence of scattering states in a usual sense if \(F=cuu_x^2\) or \(F=c\bar{u}\bar{u}_x^2\) with \(c \in \mathbb{C}\) for (3). His main results are the following. The first theorem gives a cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation which is convertible into the free Schrödinger equation. Let \(m\) be an integer with \(m \geq 1\) and let \(F=cuu_x^2\) where \(c\) is a complex constant. Put \[ \phi(u)=\phi(u;c)=\sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{(-c)^k}{(2k+1)k!}\,u^{2k+1}\quad \left(=\int_0^u e^{-cz^2}dz \right). \] Then there exists \(\varepsilon_0 > 0\) such that for any \(u_0 \in H^m\) with \(\|{\mathcal F}\phi(u_0) \|_{L^1}<\varepsilon_0\) the Cauchy problem (1)--(2) has a unique global solution \(u \in C(\mathbb{R};H^m) \cap C^1(\mathbb{R};H^{m-2}).\) Moreover, the solution \(u\) is given explicitly by \(u(t)=\phi^{-1}(U(t)\phi(u_0)).\) If in addition \(u_0 \in L^1\), then \[ \| u(t)\|_{L^{\infty}}=O(t^{-1/2}) \;\;\; \text{as} \;\; t \to\pm \infty \] and there exists a unique \(\psi \in H^m \cap L^1\) such that \[ \| u(t)-U(t)\|_{H^m}=O(t^{-1})\;\;\; \text{as} \;\; t \rightarrow \pm \infty. \] Furthermore, \(\phi\) is given explicitly by \(\phi=\phi(u_0)\). Here \(U(t)\) is the evolution operator associated with the free Schrödinger equation \(e^{\frac{it}{2}\partial_x^2}\) and \({\mathcal F}\) is the Fourier transform. For the case of \(F=c\bar{u}\bar{u}_x^2\), the author obtains corresponding results as an application of the above theorem.