On a class of almost hypoelliptic operators in generalized Sobolev spaces (Q946078): Difference between revisions

If \(n\) is a positive integer, then the Euclidean \(n\)-dimensional space consisting of \(n\)-tuples of real numbers is denoted by \(\mathbb{R}^n\) or \(E^n\), the subset of \(\mathbb{R}^n\) consisting of \(n\)-tuples of non-negative real numbers is denoted by \(\mathbb{R}^{+n}\), and related subsets of \(n\)-tuples of integers are denoted by \(\mathbb N^n\) and \(\mathbb N^{+n}\). If \(D\) is a finite set of vectors in \(\mathbb{R}^{+n}\), then the minimal convex polyhedron containing \(D\cup\{0\}\) is denoted by \({\mathfrak R}={\mathfrak R}(D)\), and if \({\mathfrak R}^V\) denotes the set of vertices of \({\mathfrak R}\), then the function \(h_{\mathfrak R}\) is defined by \(h_{\mathfrak R}(\xi)=\Sigma\{|\xi|^v:v\in {\mathfrak R}^V\}\), where \(|\xi|^v=\prod^n_{j-1}|\xi_j|^{v_j}\), \(\xi= (\xi_1,\xi_2,\dots, \xi_n)\), \(v=(v_1,v_2,\dots,v_n)\). A function \(h\) is said to satisfy the condition \(\Delta\) if there is a constant \(c>0\), and a number \(\delta\), \(0\leq \delta<1\), such that \(h(\xi+\eta)\leq c\{h(\xi) h^\delta(\eta)+h^\delta(\xi) h(\eta)\}\). The function \(h\) is said to satisfy Beurling's condition if \[ B_h= \sup_{\eta\in \mathbb{R}^n}\int_{\mathbb{R}^n} h(\eta)h(\eta-\xi)^{-1}h(\xi)^{-1}\,d\xi<\infty. \] In the initial theorems of this paper, the author's statements indicate that (i) in the case \(n=2\), if \(h^s_{\mathfrak R}\) satisfies Beurling's condition for sufficiently large \(s\), then \({\mathfrak R}\) is a regular polyhedron, (ii) if any of functions \(h_j(\xi^j)=h_{\mathfrak R}(\xi^j)\), \(\xi^j=(\xi_1,\dots,0,\dots,\xi_n)\), satisfies condition \(\Delta\), then \(h_{\mathfrak R}\) satisfies Beurling's condition. A further theorem of the paper involves Sobolev spaces \(W_h\) and hypoelliptic differential operators of the form \(Q(D)=P(D)+ f(D^{\alpha_1},\dots, D^{\alpha_k})\), where \(P\) is a polynomial, \(P(D)\) is a linear regular differential operator, \(f(z_1,z_2,\dots,z_k)\) with \(f(0)=0\) is an entire function, \(\alpha_j\in({\mathfrak R}\setminus \partial{\mathfrak R})\cap\mathbb N^{+n}\). In particular, the results indicate that if \(M\) is a polyhedron for which \(h_M\) satisfies condition \(\Delta\), then \(\{u\in W_{h\varphi_1}:Q(D)u\in W_{\varphi_2}\}\subset W_{h\varphi}\), where \(\varphi_j=h_M^{s_j}\), \(\varphi= h^s_{M \cdot}\), \(s=\max(s_1,s_2)\).