Hirzebruch-Zagier cycles and twisted triple product Selmer groups (Q328875): Difference between revisions

Let \(E/\mathbb Q\) be an elliptic curve, and let \(K\) be an imaginary quadratic field satisfying the Heegner condition for \(E\). By the celebrated work of Kolyvagin on Euler systems, if the trace \(P\) of the image of a Heegner point down to \(E(K)\) is nonvanishing, then the Mordell-Weil rank of \(E(K)\) is \(1\) and the Tate-Shafarevich group of \(E\) over \(K\) is finite. In terms of Bloch-Kato Selmer groups, it is equivalent to the statement that if \(P\neq 0\), then \(\dim_{\mathbb Q_p} \mathrm H_f^1(K, \mathsf h^1(E_{K^{\mathrm {ac}}}))=1\) for all primes \(p\) where \(K^{\mathrm {ac}}\) is the algebraic closure of \(K\). The work presented in the paper under review can be viewed as a triple product version of Kolyvagin's work. Let \(E/\mathbb Q\) be an elliptic curve, and let \(A\) be another elliptic curve over a real quadratic number field \(F\). Let \(A^\theta\) be \(A\otimes_{F,\theta} F\) where \(\theta\) is the nontrivial involution in \(\mathrm{Gal}(F/\mathbb Q)\). Similar to the situation where a Galois representation \(V_p(A) \otimes_{\mathbb Q_p} V_p(A^\theta)\) on Tate modules has a natural extension to \(\mathrm{Gal}(\mathbb Q^{\mathrm{ac}}/\mathbb Q)\), the \(F\)-motive \(\mathsf h^1(A) \otimes \mathsf h^1(A^\theta)\) has a natural descent to the Asai motive, denoted by \(\mathrm{As}\,\mathsf h^1(A)\). Then, under certain technical assumptions on \(E\) and \(A\), the author proves the following results on \(\dim_{\mathbb Q_p}\mathrm H^1(\mathbb Q, \mathsf M_p)\) where \(\mathsf M \) is the \(\mathbb Q\)-motive \( \mathsf h^1(E)(1) \otimes \mathrm{As}\,\mathsf h^1(A)(1)\). By the modularity of rational elliptic curves and elliptic curves over real quadratic fields, we have the irreducible cuspidal automorphic representation \(\sigma\) of \(\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb A)\) associated to \(E\), and the irreducible cuspidal automorphic representation \(\pi\) of \(\mathrm{Res}_{F/\mathbb Q}\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb A)\) associated to \(A\). The author constructs a distinguished class \(\Delta_p\) in the Bloch-Kato Selmer group \(\mathrm H^1_f\big(\mathbb Q,\mathrm H^1_\sigma(Y_{\mathbb Q^{\mathrm{ac}}}) \otimes_{\mathbb Q_p} \mathrm H^2_\pi(X_{\mathbb Q^{\mathrm{ac}}})\big) \), where \(X\) is a minimal resolution of the Baily-Borel compactification of the Hilbert modular surface associated to \(F\) of a certain level structure, and \(Y\) is a (compactified) Shimura curve associated to an indefinite quaternion algebra over \(\mathbb Q\) dertermined by certain ramification conditions. He proves that for all but finitely many primes \(p\) if \(\Delta_p\neq 0\), then \( \dim_{\mathbb Q_p}\mathrm H_f^1(\mathbb Q, \mathsf M_p)=1\), and also proves that for all but finitely many primes \(p\) if \(L(0,\mathsf M)\neq 0\), then \(\dim_{\mathbb Q_p}\mathrm H_f^1(\mathbb Q, \mathsf M_p)=0\). The graph of the natural morphism \(Y \to X\) arising from the level structure and ramification conditions defines a Chow cycle in \(\mathrm{CH}^2(Y\times_{\mathrm{Spec}\,\mathbb Q} X)\). The author calls it a \textit{Hirzebruch-Zagier cycle}, and uses it to construct the distinguished class \(\Delta_p\) in the Bloch-Kato Selmer group. These results are consequences of the Beilinson-Bloch conjecture, the Bloch-Kato conjecture, and the conjectural triple product version of the Gross-Zagier formula, and hence, the author's results can be considered as evidence toward these conjectures.