An involutory Pascal matrix (Q1434398): Difference between revisions

Pascal matrices \(U_{n}=(u_{ij})\) are considered, where \(U_{n}\) is a real upper triangular matrix of order \(n\) with \(u_{ij}=(-1)^{i-1}\binom {j-1}{i-1}\) for \(1\leq i\leq j\leq n\). \(U_{n}\) is involutory, i.e. \(U_{n}^{-1}=U_{n}\). Some bases for the eigenspaces of \(U_{n}\) and \(U_{n}^{T}\) are provided as well as the following characterization of \(U_{n}\): a matrix \(X\) of order \(n\geq4\) is \(U_{n}\) or \(-U_{n}\) if and only if each leading principal submatrix of \(X\) is involutory and \(X+(K_{n}^{T}X-X)K_{n}\) is symmetric, where \(K_{n}=(k_{ij})\) is the (0,1)-matrix of order \(n\) with \(k_{ij}=1\) if and only if \(j=i+1\). Similar results concerning the eigenvectors of \(U_{n}\) are obtained for matrices over a commutative ring with unity and the above characterization of \(U_{n}\) is extended to matrices over an integral domain.