Weak sequential convergence in \(L_ 1(\mu,X)\) and an approximate version of Fatou's lemma (Q1081806): Difference between revisions

Let X be a separable Banach space, (T,\({\mathfrak C},\mu)\) a complete nonatomic measure space, and \(L_ 1(\mu,X)\) the space of all equivalence classes of X-valued Bochner integrable functions defined on T with \(\| f\|_ 1=\int_{T}\| f(t)\| d\mu (t)\). In this paper the following two theorems are proved. Theorem 1. Let \(\{f_ n\}\) be a sequence from \(L_ 1(\mu,X)\) such that \(f_ n(t)\in K\), K a weakly compact subset of X, for all \(t\in T\), for all n. If \(\{f_ n\}\) converges weakly to f, then almost everywhere in T, f(t) belongs to the closed convex hull of the set of weak limit points of \(\{f_ n(t)\}.\) Theorem 2. Let \(\{f_ n\}\) be as in Theorem 1 and let the weak limit of \(\int_{T}f_ n(t)d\mu (t)\) exist and equal b. Then for all \(\epsilon >0\), there exists an f in \(L_ 1(\mu,X)\) such that (a) almost everywhere in T, f(t) belongs to the set of weak limit points of \(\{f_ n(t)\},\) (b) \(\| \int_{T}f(t)d\mu (t)-b\| \leq \epsilon.\) The proofs of these results rely on those of \textit{Z. Artstein} [J. Math. Econ. 6, 277-282 (1979; Zbl 0433.28004)] and \textit{M. A. Khan} [On the integration of set valued mappings in a nonreflexive Banach space. II, to appear in Simon Stevin] as well as on the Hahn-Banach theorem and the measurability of the graph of the limit point correspondence. It should also be noted that A. Rustichini of the University of Minnesota has examples showing that Theorem 2 cannot be improved to an exact version without additional hypothesis. Furthermore, these results have been extended and generalized by \textit{E. J. Balder} [Fatou's lemma in infinite dimensions, University Utrecht, Preprint No.423] and \textit{N. C. Yannelis} [Fatou's lemma in infinite dimensional spaces, University of Minnesota, Proc. Am. Math. Soc., forthcoming].