Lagrangian imbeddings of surfaces and unfolded Whitney umbrella (Q1089974): Difference between revisions

The author gives the first example of stable nonimmersive isotropic map- germ \(({\mathbb{R}}^ 2,0)\to (T^*{\mathbb{R}}^ 2,0)\), the so-called open Whitney umbrella, with respect to the equivalence used in the classification theory of Lagrangian immersion by Arnol'd. An isotropic mapping from a closed surface C to a symplectic 4-manifold M is called a Lagrangian immersion if it has only open Whitney umbrella as nonimmersive points and each of its self-intersections is transversal. Then it is shown that the set of Lagrangian immersions forms a nonvoid open subset relatively to the \(C^{\infty}\) topology in the space of isotropic mappings from C to M. For a Lagrangian immersion, the equality \[ C\cdot C=\chi (C)+2\#+T,\text{ (if C is orientable),} \] \[ C\cdot C\equiv \chi (C)+T (\bmod 2),\text{ (if C is nonorientable),} \] is shown, where \(C\cdot C\) is the self-intersection number, {\#} is the number of self- intersection points counted with signs, and T is the number of open Whitney umbrella. An injective Lagrangian immersion \(C\to T^*{\mathbb{R}}^ 2\), for each surface C with \(\chi\) (C)\(\leq -2\), and a Lagrangian embedding for each nonorientable surface C with \(\chi (C)=4m\), (m: negative integer) are constructed. This paper contains several interesting results and problems both for the theory of Lagrangian immersion (embedding) and for the singularity theory of isotropic mappings. Even though the proofs are sketchy, this paper is a fundamental one.