Inequalities for moment cones of finite-dimensional representations (Q1747692): Difference between revisions

If \(K\) is a compact, connected Lie group with Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{k}\), \(G\) its complexification, which is a connected reductive algebraic group \(G\) with Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{k}\oplus i\mathfrak{k}\), \(T\subset K\) is a maximal torus with Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{t}\subset\mathfrak{k}\) with the Weyl group \(W_K=N_K(T)/T\), \(\Pi:G\to\text{GL}(M)\) is a representation of \(G\) on a finite-dimensional Hilbert space \(M\) that is equipped with a \(K\)-invariant Hermitian inner product, and \(\pi:\mathfrak{g}\to\mathfrak{gl}(M)\) is the induced Lie algebra representation, then the \(K\)-action on \(M\) admits a canonical moment map defined by \(\mu_K:M\to i\mathfrak{k}^*\), \((\mu_K(\psi),X)=\langle\psi|\pi(X)\psi\rangle\) for all \(\psi\in M\) and \(X\in i\mathfrak{k}\), and the moment cone is defined as intersection of the moment map image with the positive Weyl chamber \(C_K=\mu_K(M)\cap i\mathfrak{k}\). An element \(H\) is called a Ressayre element if the hyperplane \((-,H)=0\) is spanned by weights of \(M\) and there exists a vector \(\psi\in M\) annihilated by \(\pi(H)\) such that the tangent map at \(\psi\) is \(\mathfrak{n}_{\_}(H<0)\to M(H<0)\), \(X\mapsto\pi(X)\psi\) is an isomorphism, where \(M(H<0)\) is the direct sum of all negative eigenspaces of \(\pi(H)\) and \(\mathfrak{n}_{\_}(H<0)\) is the sum of all root spaces for negative roots \(\alpha\) such that \((\alpha,H)<0\). In [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 14, 1--15 (1982; Zbl 0482.58013)], \textit{A. F. Atiyah} has shown that for any torus action on a compact, connected Hamiltonian manifold the image of the moment map is a convex polytope, called the moment polytope. In this paper, the authors deal with the moment polytope of the complex projective space \(\mathbb P(M)\) associated with a unitary representation \(\Pi\) of a compact, connected Lie group \(K\) on a finite-dimensional Hilbert space \(M\). They prove that the moment cone for the \(K\)-action on \(M\) is given by \(C_K=\{\lambda\in i\mathfrak{k}^*_{+};\;(H,\lambda)\geq 0\}\) for all Ressayre elements \(H\). As applications, the authors obtain generalizations of Horn's inequalities to arbitrary representations, new inequalities for the one-body quantum marginal problem in physics which concerns the asymptotic support of the Kronecker coefficients of the symmetric group, and a geometric interpretation of the Howe-Lee-Tan-Willenbring invariants for the tensor product algebra.