Vertex algebras and the cohomology ring structure of Hilbert schemes of points on surfaces (Q1849646): Difference between revisions

In the paper the authors use the vertex algebra techniques to determine the generators of \({\mathbb H}_{n}=H^{*}(X^{[n]};{\mathbb Q})\) the cohomology ring of the Hilbert scheme of points on a smooth projective surface \(X\) over the field of complex numbers. The set of \(n\cdot \dim H^{*}(X ;{\mathbb Q})\) generators for the cohomology ring \({\mathbb H}_{n}\) has been found and the relations among them have been interpreted in terms of certain operators belonging to \({\mathbb H}\), where \({\mathbb H}= {\bigoplus}_{n\geq 0}{\mathbb H}_{n}.\) More precisely, let \[ G(\gamma , n)=p_{1*}(\text{ch} {\mathcal O}_{{\mathcal Z}_{n}}\cdot p_{2}^{*} \text{td}(X)\cdot p_{2}^{*} \gamma) \in H^{*}(X^{[n]};{\mathbb Q}), \] where \({\gamma}\in H^{*}(X; {\mathbb Q}),\) \(n\geq 0,\) \({{\mathcal Z}_{n}}\) is the universal codimension-2 subscheme of \(X^{[n]}\times X ,\) td\((X)\) is the Todd class of the sheaf \({\mathcal O}_{{\mathcal Z}_{n}},\) and \(p_{1},\) \(p_{2}\) are the natural projections of \(X^{[n]}\times X \) to \(X^{[n]}\) and \(X\) respectively. Let \({\mathcal B}(\gamma) = {\bigoplus}_{n\geq 0} G({\gamma} , n)\) be an element of \(\text{End}(\mathbb H)\), where \(G({\gamma} , n)\) acts on \({\mathbb H}_{n}\) by cup product. For \(i \in {\mathbb Z},\) \({\gamma}\in H^{s}(X ; {\mathbb Q})\) let \(G_{i}({\gamma} , n)\) denote the component of \(G({\gamma} , n)\) in \(H^{s+2i}(X^{[n]};{\mathbb Q})\) and \({\mathcal B}_{i}(\gamma) = {\bigoplus}_{n\geq 0} G_{i}({\gamma} , n).\) The main theorem of the paper is the following (theorem 5.30): Theorem: For \(n\geq 1,\) the cohomology ring \({\mathbb H}_{n}=H^{*}(X^{[n]};{\mathbb Q})\) is generated by \[ G_{i}({\gamma}, n) = {\mathcal B}_{i}(\gamma)(1_{X^{[n]}}) \] where \(0\leq i < n\) and \(\gamma\) runs over a linear basis of \(H^{*}(X; {\mathbb Q}).\) Moreover, the relations among these generators are precisely the relations among the restrictions \({\mathcal B}_{i}(\gamma)|_{{\mathbb H}_{n}}\) of the corresponding operators \({\mathcal B}_{i}(\gamma)\) to \({\mathbb H}_{n}.\) It is worth mentioning that the above result generalises the work of \textit{G. E. Ellingsrud} and \textit{S. A. S. Stromme} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 441, 33-44 (1993; Zbl 0814.14003)], where the case \(X={\mathbb P}^2\) was considered. As the authors acknowledge the paper was inspired by the work of Ellingsrud and Stromme as well as of \textit{M. Lehn} [Invent. Math. 136, 157-207 (1999; Zbl 0919.14001)].