Generalized Lambert series and Euler's pentagonal number theorem (Q2222883): Difference between revisions

According to Euler's pentagonal number theorem \[\prod^\infty_{n=1} (1- q^n)= \sum^{+\infty}_{n=-\infty} (-1)^n q^{n(3n-1)/2}\qquad\text{for}\quad|q|<1.\] The reciprocal of this infinite product is the generalized function of \(p(n)\), the number of partitions of \(n\). Let \(S(k,n)\) denote the number of \(k\)'s in all the partitions of \(n\). For nonnegative integers \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) with \(\beta<\alpha\) and an arbitrary sequence \(\{a_m\}_{m\le 1}\) of complex numbers, let \(A(a,\alpha,\beta;n)= \sum^\infty_{k=1} S(\alpha k-\beta,n)a_k\) and consider the generalized Lambert series expansion \[\sum^\infty_{n=1} \frac{a_n q^{\alpha n-\beta}}{1-q^{\alpha n-\beta}}= \sum^\infty_{n=1} B(a,\alpha,\beta;n)q^n\qquad\text{for}\quad |q|<1.\] In the paper under review the author proves the following generalization of Euler's pentagonal number theorem: With the above notations, \[\sum^{+\infty}_{j=-\infty} (-1)^j A(a,\alpha,\beta; n-j(3j-1)/2)= B(a,\alpha,\beta; n).\] Using the Möbius function \(\mu\), this result gives Euler's pentagonal number theorems for \(a_m= \mu(m)\), \(\alpha= 1\), \(\beta=0\). The author also proves a truncated version which implies an infinite family of linear inequalities.