Necessary and sufficient conditions for nonlinear matrix identities to always hold (Q2420604): Difference between revisions

Let $A,A_{1},\dots,C_{2}$ be given complex matrices and $X_{1}$ and $X_{2}$ unknown matrices of sizes such that the matrix expression \[ (A_{1}+B_{1}X_{1}C_{1})(A_{2}+B_{2}X_{2}C_{2})=A\tag{$*$} \] makes sense. This is a multilinear equation in the unknowns $X_{1},X_{2}$. The authors show that ($*$) holds for all values of $X_{1}$ and $X_{2}$ if and only if at least one of the following block matrices is $0$: \[ \lbrack F\mid A_{1}B_{2}\mid B_{1}],\left[ \begin{matrix} F & B_{1}\\ C_{2} & 0 \end{matrix} \right] ,\left[ \begin{matrix} -F & A_{1}B_{2}\\ C_{1}A_{2} & C_{1}B_{2} \end{matrix} \right] ,\left[ \begin{matrix} F\\ C_{1}A_{2}\\ C_{2} \end{matrix} \right]\] where $F:=A-A_{1}A_{2}$. They prove a similar criterion involving eight block matrices for the expression $(A_{1}+B_{1}X_{1}C)(A_{2}+B_{2}X_{2}C_{2} )(A_{3}+B_{3}X_{3}C_{3})=A$ and state (but do not prove) a result involving 16 block matrices for $(A_{1}+B_{1}X_{1}C_{1}+D_{1}Y_{1}E_{1})(A_{2}+B_{2} X_{2}C_{2}+D_{2}Y_{2}E_{2})=A$. In the second part of the paper the authors examine how generalized inverses of matrices are determined by linear relations. Proofs tend to be long and computational.