A note on norm estimates of the numerical radius (Q2482942): Difference between revisions

As claimed by the author, most of the results in this note are known. His purpose here is to give alternative and simpler proofs for them. For a bounded linear operator \(A\) on a Hilbert space \(H\), its numerical radius \(w(A)\) is by definition the quantity \(\sup\{|\langle Ax, x\rangle|: x\in H\), \(\| x\|= 1\}\). The author first gives a proof of \(\| A\|= 2w(A)\) for an operator \(A\) satisfying \(A^2= 0\). In fact, in the literature more precise information is known on the numerical range \(W(A)\) \((\equiv\{\langle Ax, x\rangle: x\in H\), \(\| x\|= 1\})\) for any quadratic operator \(A\) (\(A\) satisfying \(A^2+ aA+ bI= 0\) for some scalars \(a\) and \(b\)). This is in \textit{S.-H. Tso} and \textit{P. Y. Wu's} matricial ranges of quadratic operators [Rocky Mt. J. Math. 29, No. 3, 1139--1152 (1999; Zbl 0957.47005)] and is proved along a similar line as here by using a block matrix representation of \(A\). In the second part of the note, the author considers normaloid operators \(A\) (\(A\) satisfying \(\| A\|= r(A)\equiv\sup\{|\lambda|: \lambda\in\Sigma(A)\})\). In particular, he shows that if \(A\) acts on a two-dimensional space, then \(\| A^2\|=\| A\|^2\) if and only if \(A\) is normal.