Periodic solutions of symmetric wave equations (Q1265094): Difference between revisions

The paper concerns the existence of solutions of the following nonautonomous problem \[ \begin{cases} u_{tt}-u_{xx}=f(x,t,u), &(x,t)\in Q=(0, \pi)\times (0, 2\pi),\\ u(0,t)=0=u(\pi,t), &t\in \mathbb{R},\\ u(x,t+2\pi)=u(x,t), &(x,t)\in Q=(0, \pi)\times \mathbb{R},\end{cases} \tag{W} \] where \(f(x,t,\xi)\in C([0,\pi]\times \mathbb{R}^2,\mathbb{R})\) is \(2\pi\)-periodic in \(t\) and satisfies \(f(x,t,-\xi)= -f(x,t,\xi)\) for all \((x,t,\xi)=0\) if and only if \(\xi=0\), \(f(x,t,\xi)\) is nondecreasing in \(\xi\), and \(f(x,t,\xi)=0\) if and only if \(\xi=0\). The following two results are obtained: Theorem 1. (Superlinearity at \(\xi=\infty\)). Assume that there are \(\overline r>0\) and \(\mu>2\) such that \(\mu F(x,t,\xi)\equiv\mu \int_0^\xi f(x,t,s) ds\leq f(x,t,\xi) \xi\) whenever \(|\xi|\geq\overline r\), and that there are \(\nu>2\) and \(a_1,a_2>0\) such that \(| f(x,t,\xi)|\leq a_1 |\xi|^{\nu-1}+a_2\), for all \((x,t,\xi)\in[0,\pi]\times R^2 \). Then \((W)\) has infinitely many (weak) solutions \(\{u_m\}\) satisfying \(\int_Q({1\over 2}f(x,t,u_m) u_m -F(x,t,u_m)) \to \infty\) as \(m\to\infty\). Theorem 2. (Sublinearity at \(\xi=\infty\)). Assume that \(| f(x,t,\xi)\to\infty\) as \(|\xi|\to\infty\) uniformly in \((x,t)\in\overline Q\), and that there are \(\overline r>0\) and \(\alpha\in(1, 2)\) such that \(f(x,t,\xi) \xi\leq\alpha F(x,t,\xi)\) whenever \(|\xi|\geq\overline r \), and \((f(x,t,\xi)/\xi)\to\infty\) as \(\xi\to 0\) uniformly in \((x,t)\in\overline Q \). Then \((W)\) has infinitely many (weak) solutions \(\{u_m\}\) satisfying \(0<\int_Q( F(x,t,u_m)-{1\over 2}f(x,t,u_m) u_m)\) as \(m\to\infty\).