On some properties of the number of permutations being products of pairwise disjoint \(d\)-cycles (Q2173233): Difference between revisions

For fixed \(d\) and \(n\) let \(H_d(n)\) be the number of elements of the symmetric group \(S_n\) which are products of pairwise disjoint cycles of length \(d\). For prime \(p\) \(H_p(n)\) is the number of elements of order \(p\) in \(S_n\), and an explicit formula for \(H_p(n)\) has been obtained by \textit{E. Jacobsthal} [Norske Vid. Selsk. Forhdl. 21, 49--51 (1949; Zbl 0040.15103)]. In [J. Comb. 6, No. 4, 483--508 (2015; Zbl 1325.05006)] \textit{T. Amdeberhan} and \textit{V. Moll} studied the arithmetical and combinatorial properties of the sequence \(H_2(n)\). The authors consider the sequence \(H_d(n)\) for arbitrary \(d\). In the first sections they obtained numerous identities and congruences involving this sequence, studied the periodic properties of the sequence \(H_d(n)\) modulo a fixed integer, showing in particular (Theorem 3.5) that if \(d\ge2,r\ge1\) and \(p\ne d\) is a prime, then the sequence \(H_d(n)\bmod{p^r}\) has period \(p^r\), except when \(d=4, p=r=2\). In Sect. 5 one finds a description the \(p\)-adic valuation of \(H_d(n)\), and in sections \(6\) and \(8\) the authors introduce two families of polynomials. The first is related to the derivatives of the generating function \[ \sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{H_d(n)}{n!}x^n=\exp\left(x+\frac{x^d}d\right), \] and the second generalizes the sequence of involution polynomials introduced by Amdeberhan and Moll [loc. cit.], related to Hermite polynomials. In Sect.7 some divisibility questions are considered and it is shown that for any fixed \(d\) the set of prime divisors of the sequence \(H_d(n)\) is infinite, and every prime divides some number \(H_d(n)-1\). In the last section some open problems and conjectures are presented.