Smooth rough paths and applications to Fourier analysis (Q925122): Difference between revisions

The authors show rough path estimates for smooth \(L^{p}\) functions with derivatives in \(L^{q}\), and give several applications related to Fourier analysis. Let \(I = [a,b]\) be a possibly infinite interval and let \(\Delta_{I} = \{(u,v) : u \leq v,~u,v \in I\}\). A bounded continuous function \(\omega : \Delta_{I} \rightarrow [0, \infty)\) is called a control function if \(\omega(u,u) = 0\), for every \(u \in I\), and \(\omega(u,v) + \omega(v,w) \leq \omega(u,w)\) holds, for every \(u,v,w \in I\) with \(u \leq v \leq w\). The main results of the paper are the following. Theorem. Let \(1 < p ,q < \infty\) and \(1 \leq n < \infty\). If \(F \in L^{p}(\mathbb R ^{n})\) and \(F ' \in L^{q}(\mathbb R ^{n})\), then there exists a control function \(\omega\) on \(\Delta_{\mathbb R}\) such that \[ \left| \int _{s < u < t} d F(u)\right| ^{r} \leq \omega(s,t) \quad \text{for}\quad r=p\left(1-\frac{1}{q}\right) +1, \] and \[ \omega(-\infty, \infty) \leq r2^{r-1}\left(\left( 1-\frac{1}{q}\right)\| F\| ^{p}_{p}+\frac{1}{q}\| F'\| ^{q}_{q}\right). \] The result also holds for \(r=2\) if \(p = \infty\) and \(q = 1\), and for \(r = p+1\) if \(q = \infty\). Moreover, if \(r < 2\), i.e., \(\frac{1}{p} + \frac{1}{q} > 1\), then \(F\) is a \(1\)-rough path. Theorem. Let \(p>1\) and \(1/p+1/q=1\). If \(F \in L^{p}(\mathbb R ^{n})\) and \(F ' \in L^{q}(\mathbb R ^{n})\), then \[ \left| \int\int _{s < u<v < t} \,d F(u)\otimes d F(v) \right| \leq C \omega(s,t) \quad (-\infty \leq s < t \leq \infty) \] holds for the same control function \(\omega\) as in the previous theorem. In particular, \(F\) is a \(2\)-rough path. The authors outline applications of these results to the pointwise convergence problem of Fourier transforms, to the study of the radial behavior of harmonic functions in the unit disc, and to a rough path approach to nonlinear Fourier analysis.