A converse to a theorem of Gross, Zagier, and Kolyvagin (Q2296294): Difference between revisions

The celebrated result of Gross-Zagier and Kolyvagin is that the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture holds if the analytic rank of an elliptic curve over $\mathbb{Q}$ is $0$ or $1$. The paper under review states that the converse of this result holds under some conditions. More precisely, for a semistable elliptic curve $E$ over $\mathbb{Q}$, the author proves that, if $E$ has non-split multiplicative reduction at at least one odd prime or split multiplicative reduction at at least two odd primes, one has \[ \operatorname{rank}_{\mathbb{Z}}E(\mathbb{Q})=1\quad \text{ and }\quad \sharp \Sha(E)<\infty \Longrightarrow \operatorname{ord}_{s=1}L(E,s)=1. \] In the case of the algebraic rank $0$, this implication is established essentially by the solution of the Iwasawa Main conjecture for $\mathrm{GL}_2$ and, in the case of the algebraic rank $1$, it is established for elliptic curves having complex multiplication by the work of Rubin, Bertrand, and Perrin-Riou. As in the case of complex multiplications, the method of the proof is essentially a $p$-adic one. However, unlike the proof of \textit{K. Rubin} [Invent. Math. 107, No. 2, 323--350 (1992; Zbl 0770.11033)] which uses the $p$-adic Gross-Zagier formula, the author of this paper uses the general Gross-Zagier formula for the derivation of a $L$-function by Yuan, Zhang, and Zhang [\textit{X. Yuan} et al., The Gross-Zagier formula on Shimura curves. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (2013; Zbl 1272.11082)]. Then, he shows the non-vanishing of the Néron-Tate height-pairing of suitable Heegner points by using the Iwasawa theory and concludes the analytic rank of the related $L$-functions is $1$. It is needless to say that the result of this paper gives the essential development for the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture and further, the main idea plays a crucial role in the proof of \textit{M. Bhargava} and the author [J. Ramanujan Math. Soc. 29, No. 2, 221--242 (2014; Zbl 1315.11045)] concerning the positivity of the proportion of elliptic curves which have both algebraic and analytic rank $1$.