Some criteria for multivalently starlikeness and univalency (Q1884524): Difference between revisions

This paper obtains conditions for the univalence and/or starlikeness of functions in the special class \(A_n(p)\) defined to be functions \(f(z) = z^p + \sum_{k=n+p}^\infty a_k z^k\) which are analytic in the unit disk \(E\). A number of papers have considered conditions on various combinations of \(zf'(z)/f(z)\) and \(zf''(z)/f'(z)\) to obtain such results (usually for \(f(z) \in A_1(p)\)). In this paper the authors prove that if \(f(z) \in A_n(p)\) with \(f(z)f'(z) \neq 0\) in \(E\) except at \(z = 0\), and if \(\alpha zf'(z)/f(z) + \beta zf''(z)/f'(z) - p(\alpha + \beta) + \beta \prec naz/(1-bz)\) where the parameters \(\alpha\), \(\beta\), \(a\), and \(b\) are all real with \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) not both zero and \(0 < b \leq 1\), then when \(0 < a \leq 1\), Re\(\{(f(z)/z^p)^\alpha (f'(z)/pz^{p-1})^\beta\} > (1 + b)^{-a/b}\) and when \(a \neq 0\), \(| \{(f(z)/z^p)^\alpha (f'(z)/pz^{p-1})^\beta\}^{-b/a} - 1| < b\). Many corollaries are given. The important tool in the proof is a useful lemma due to Yang which says that if \(g(z) = b_0 + b_n z^n + \dots\) is analytic in \(E\), \(h(z)\) is analytic and starlike in \(E\), and \(zg'(z) \prec h(z)\) then \(g(z) \prec b_0 + (1/n)\int_0^z (h(t)/t) \,dt\). (A slightly more accessible journal with a paper proving this lemma is \textit{D. Yang}, On sufficient conditions for multivalent starlikeness, Bull. Korean Math. Soc. 37, No. 4, 659--668 (2000).) It is worth noting that in this paper, Yang shows that the proof of the lemma is a consequence of an often neglected Theorem by Eenigburg et al.