Bernstein polynomial and discontinuous functions (Q902139): Difference between revisions

Let \(f:[0,1]\to\mathbb{R}\) be a bounded function which admits finite lateral limits \(f(x^-)\) and \(f(x^+)\) at a point \(x\in(0,1)\). Consider the function \(f_x: [0,1]\to\mathbb{R}\), defined by: \(f_x(t)=f(t)-f(x^+)\), if \(x<t\leq 1\), \(f_x(x)=0\), and \(f_x(t)=f(t)-f(x^-)\), if \(0\leq t<x\). Consider also the functions \(\omega(f,x^-, t)=\sup\{|f(y)-f(z)|:\;\max\{0,t-x\}\leq y<z<x\}\) and \(\omega(f,x^+,t)=\sup\{|f(y)-f(z)|:\;x<y<z\leq\min\{x+t,1\}\}\). Denote by \(\mathrm{SA}[0,\infty)\), the family of all increasing continuous functions \(\lambda:[0,\infty)\to\mathbb{R}\), which are sub-additive (i.e., \(\lambda(s+t)\leq\lambda(s)+\lambda(t)\), \(s,t\geq0\)) and satisfy \(\lambda(0)=0\). Consider also the family \(Q(0,\infty)\) of all functions \(g:(0,\infty)\to(0,\infty)\), which satisfy the condition \(\frac{g(t)}t\leq\frac{g(s)}s\), for \(0<s<t\). Denote by \(B_n(g)\) the classical Bernstein polynomial of order \(n\) assigned to a function \(g\), \(B_n(g,x)= \sum_{k=0}^ng(k/n)\binom{n}{k}x^k(1-x)^{n-k}\). The first main result says that if \(\tilde{\omega}(f, x^-, t),\; \tilde{\omega}(f,x^+, t)\in \mathrm{SA}[0,\infty)\) are sub-additive majorants of the functions \(\omega(f,x^-, t)\) and \(\omega(f,x^+, t)\), respectively, then we have \[ |B_n(f_x,x)|\leq \frac 54\max\left\{\tilde{\omega}\left(f,x^-, \frac1{\sqrt{n}}\right), \tilde{\omega}\left(f,x^+, \frac1{\sqrt{n}}\right) \right\},\;n\in\mathbb{N}. \] A second result gives an estimate of \(|B_n(f_x,x)|\) in terms of two majorants of functions \(\omega(f,x^-, t)\) and \(\omega(f,x^+, t)\) taken from the family \(Q(0,\infty)\). Note that the estimation of the term \(|B_n(f_x,x)|\) is a main step in obtaining an estimate of the difference \(B_n(f,x)-\frac{f(x^-)+f(x^+)}2\). This last difference tends to zero when \(n\to\infty\).