Thom's problem for orbital analytic classification of degenerate singular points of holomorphic vector fields in the plane (Q630251): Difference between revisions

Let us consider \(\mathcal{V}_n\), the class of germs of holomorphic vector fields in \((\mathbb{C}^{2}, 0)\) with a jet of order \(k\) at \(0\) equal to \(0\) if \(k=n-1\) and different from \(0\) if \(k=n\), \(n\geq{2}\). One says that two germs \(V\) and \(W\) in \(\mathcal{V}_{n}\) are strictly orbitally (resp., strictly formally orbitally) equivalent if there are analytic (resp., formal power series) maps \(H: (\mathbb{C}^{2}, 0) \to (\mathbb{C}^{2}, 0)\) and \(K :(\mathbb{C}^{2}, 0) \to \mathbb{C}\), such that \(W = K\cdot (H_{\ast}V)\), with \(DH(0)=\text{Id}\) and \(K(0)=1\). As jets of order \(n\) at \(0\) of strictly formally orbitally equivalent germs \(V\) and \(W\) coincide, the problem of strict formal orbital classification in \(\mathcal{V}_n\) can be reduced to the classification in every class \(\mathcal{V}(v_{0})\) of \(\mathcal{V}_n\) of germs with a fixed jet \(v_{0}\) of order \(n\). The first result in the note under review is the strict formal orbital classification of germs of \(\mathcal{V}(v_{0})\) for a generic \(v_{0}\) (Theorem 1). More precisely, it is presented that, for a generic \(v_{0}\), if \(v\in \mathcal{V}(v_{0})\), \(v\) is strictly formally orbitally equivalent to a unique germ, denoted by \(v_{\mathcal{H}, b}\), which is the following sum of vector fields: \(v_{\mathcal{H}, b}= v_{0}+ v_{\mathcal{H}}+v_{b}\), where \(v_{\mathcal{H}}= (-\mathcal{H}_{y},\mathcal{H}_{x})\) is a polynomial Hamiltonian vector field defined by \(\mathcal{H} = \sum c_{ij}x^{i}y^{j}\) with \(i\leq n-1\), \(j\leq n-1\) and \(i+j\geq n+2\), and \(v_{b}\) is the radial vector field multiplied by a polynomial \(b(x, y)\) in \(y\) of degree \(\leq n-1\) whose coefficients are formal power series in \(x\). Let us suppose that the blow-up \(\tilde{v}_{0}\) of \(v_{0}\) at \(0\) has exactly \(n + 1\) simple singularities \(P_{1}, P_{2},\dots, P_{n+1}\) along the exceptional divisor \(L\) (which is analytically isomorphic to \(\mathbb{CP}^{1}\)) and that \(L_{0} = L \setminus \{P_{1}, P_{2},\dots, P_{n+1}\}\) is invariant under \(\tilde{v}_{0}\). These conditions are generic for \(v_{0}\) and, if they hold it is denoted by \(v_{0}\in\Sigma_{1,n}\). For \(v\in \mathcal{V}(v_{0})\), the projective monodromy group \(G_{v}\) of \(v\) is defined as the finitely generated group \(\langle\Delta_{1},\Delta_{2},\dots,\Delta_{n+1}\rangle\) whose generators are the monodromy maps defined by \(\tilde{v}_{0}\) and are determined by a transversal \(\Gamma_{0}\) that follows each one of the standard generators of \({\pi}_{1}(L_{0},Z_{0})\), where \(Z_{0}\) is a regular point of \(\tilde{v}_{0}\). The second result presented (Theorem 2) is that, once we have fixed a generic \(v_{0}\in\Sigma_{1,n}\), two generic \(v,\hat{v}\in\mathcal{V}(v_{0})\) are strictly orbitally analytically equivalent germs if and only if the generators of \(G_{v}\) are conjugate to the generators of \(G_{\hat{v}}\) by a germ of biholomorphic maps \(h: (\mathbb{C}, 0)\to (\mathbb{C}, 0)\) with \(h'(0)=1\). Finally, the third result (Theorem 3) is presented. It states that, for a generic \(v_{0}\in\Sigma_{1,n}\), any Hamiltonian \(\mathcal{H}\) as in Theorem 1 and any finitely generated group \(G =\langle\Delta_{1},\Delta_{2},\dots,\Delta_{n+1}\rangle\) of local holomorphisms on \((\mathbb{C}, 0)\) satisfying \(\Delta^{'}_{j}(0)=e^{2\pi i {\lambda}_{j}}\) and \(\Delta_{n+1}\circ \Delta_{n}\circ \dots \Delta_{1} = \text{id}\) determine a germ \(v \in \mathcal{V}(v_{0})\) with a Hamiltonian part \(v_{\mathcal{H}}\) and projective monodromy \(G_{v} = G\). These results (Theorems 1-3) imply (in particular) that, for a generic nondicritical germ \(v\) of \(\mathcal{V}_{n}\), the corresponding Hamiltonian vector field \(v_{\mathcal{H}}\) given in Theorem 1 and the (strict conjugacy class of the) projective monodromy group \(G_{v}\) of \(v\) are invariants that determine the class of germs that are strictly orbitally analytically equivalent to \(v\).