Unboundedness for some strong maximal functions on weighted Lebesgue spaces (Q2134428): Difference between revisions

A classic Hardy-Littlewood maximal function is given by \[ M_{w}f(x) = \sup\limits_{Q : x\in Q} \frac{1}{w(Q)} \int_{Q}|f(x)|w(x)\ dx \] where \(w\) is a weight (a locally integrable function that takes positive values almost everywhere), \(w(Q) = \int_{Q}w(x)\ dx\) and the supremum is taken over all axis-parallel cubes \(Q\) containing \(x\). \textit{R. Fefferman} [Am. J. Math. 103, 33--40 (1981; Zbl 0475.42019)] showed that if \(w\) is uniformly in the Muckenhoupt class \(A_{\infty}\) in each variable separately then \(M_{w}\) is bounded on the weighted Lebesgue spaces \(L^{p}(w)\) for \(1<p \leq \infty\). However \textit{B. Jawerth} and \textit{A. Torchinsky} [Stud. Math. 80, 261--285 (1984; Zbl 0565.42008)] showed that the condition on \(w\) is not necessary and thus the open question remains to determine all weights \(w\) for which \(M_{w}\) is bounded on \(L^{p}(w)\) for \(1<p \leq \infty\). The first main result of this paper establishes the existence of an explicit weight \(w\) such that \(M_{w}\) is unbounded on \(L^{p}(w)\) for all \(1 < p < \infty\). The Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator \(M_{w}\) can be thought of as corresponding to a one-parameter dilation structure where for \(\delta > 0\) the coordinates \((x_1, \ldots, x_n)\) get sent to \((\delta x_1, \ldots, \delta x_n)\). This one-parameter dilation maps cubes to cubes. Multiparameter analogues can also be studied where in general cubes get mapped to rectangular prisms. This paper considers two particular dilation structures, namely the Zygmund dilation where for \(s,t>0\) the coordinate \((x_1,x_2,x_3)\) gets sent to \((sx_1,tx_2,st x_3)\), and the flag dilation structure in \(\mathbb{R}^2\) which leads to a supremum over all rectangles \(R = I \times J\) in \(\mathbb{R}^2\) containing \(x\) and side-lengths satisfying \(|I| \leq |J|\). In each case the main theorem presented establishes the existence of an explicit weight \(w\) such that the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator corresponding to the dilation structure is unbounded on \(L^{p}(w)\) for all \(1 < p < \infty\).