Stabilizations of the Trotter-Kato theorem and the Chernoff product formula (Q1955599): Difference between revisions

The authors present variants of the Trotter-Kato theorem and the Chernoff product formula that cover stabilization techniques for intrinsically unstable approximation schemes. First, the ``stabilized'' Trotter-Kato theorem is proved: Let \((A_n,D(A))\) generate \(C_0\)-semigroups \(T_n(t)\) and let \((A,D(A))\) be densely defined with a core \(D\). Suppose that there are \(W_n \in L(X)\) with \(W_n x \rightarrow x\) for all \(x \in X\) and \(M \geq 1\), \(\omega \geq 0\), such that the stability condition \(\|W_n{}T_n(t)\|\leq Me^{\omega}\) holds for all \(t \geq 0\) and \(n \in\mathbb N\). If \(A_n\, x \rightarrow Ax\) for all \(x \in D\) and if \((\omega, \infty)\subseteq \rho (A)\), then \(A\) generates a \(C_0\)-semigroup \[ T (t) x = \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} W_nT_n (t) x \quad (x \in X), \] where the limit is uniform for \(t\) in compact subsets of \(\mathbb R^{+}\). Consequently, by using the above theorem with the discrete family \(W_n\) replaced by the continuous family \(\{W(t)\}\) and with the family \(\{V(t)\} \subset L(X)\) satisfying some specific (e.g., consistency) conditions, the authors prove the following stabilized Chernoff product formula: \[ T(t) x = \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} W(\frac tn) V (\frac tn )^n x\quad (x \in X), \] where the limit is uniform for t in compact subsets of \(\mathbb R^{+}\) .