Vinogradov's theorem with Fouvry-Iwaniec primes (Q2085770): Difference between revisions

The existence of infinitely many primes that can be written as the sum of a square and a prime square was proved by \textit{E. Fouvry} and \textit{H. Iwaniec} [Acta Arith. 79, No. 3, 249--287 (1997; Zbl 0881.11070)] and we call them Fouvry-Iwaniec primes. In the paper under review, as a main result the author shows that every sufficiently large integer \(x\equiv 3 \pmod 4\) can be represented as the sum of three Fouvry-Iwaniec primes. The most important tool in the proof is the transference circle method that originated in \textit{B. Green}'s work [Ann. Math. (2) 161, No. 3, 1609--1636 (2005; Zbl 1160.11307)]. More precisely, the author uses a version of the transference circle method due to \textit{K. Matomäki} et al. [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 115, No. 2, 323--347 (2017; Zbl 1400.11132)]. The main advantage of this method is that it requires exponential sum information not for the Fouvry-Iwaniec primes, but for some sufficiently tight majorant of them. The majorant is constructed by using the linear sieve combined with Chen-Iwaniec sieve switching; see [Kexue Tongbao 17, 385--386 (1978); \textit{H. Iwaniec}, Acta Arith. 21, 203--204 (1972; Zbl 0215.35603)]. For estimating the minor arc exponential sums, which are associated with the majorant, the author applies the combinatorial dissection into Type I and II sums as proposed by \textit{W. Duke} et al. [Ann. Math. (2) 141, No. 2, 423--441 (1995; Zbl 0840.11003)]. The conditions for obtaining three term arithmetic progressions in dense subsets are weaker that the ones needed for the above Vinogradov type theorem. Thus, the author also proves that every subset of the Fouvry-Iwaniec primes with positive relative density contains infinitely many three term arithmetic progressions. The paper is beautifully written and organised, with many interesting discussions and results.