On some inequalities for convex and \(\nabla\)-convex sequences of higher order. II (Q1084203): Difference between revisions

(Joint review of both parts of this paper.) These paper continue the study of m-convex sequences being made by the authors and their colleagues. If \(a_ n\in {\mathbb{R}},\) \(n\in {\mathbb{N}}\) then the sequence \(\{a_ n\}\) is m-convex if \(\Delta^ ma_ n=\Delta (\Delta^{m-1}a_ n)\geq 0,(\Delta^ 0a_ n=a_ n,\Delta a_ n=a_{n+1}-a_ n).\) Suppose then \(\{p_ n\}\) is another real sequence satisfying \[ (i)\quad \sum^{n}_{i=1}(i-1)^{(k)}p_ i=0,\quad 0\leq k\leq j-1,\quad (ii)\quad \sum^{n}_{i=1}(i-1)^{(k)}p_ i\geq 0,\quad j\leq k\leq m-1, \] \[ (iii)\quad \sum^{n}_{i=k}(i-k+m-1)^{(m-1)}p_ i\geq 0,\quad m+1\leq k\leq n, \] where \(a^{(k)}=a(a-1)...(a-k+1)\), \(a^{(0)}=1.\) Then a typical result is that these conditions are necessary and sufficient for \(\sum^{n}_{i=1}p_ ia_ i\geq 0\) to hold for all sequences \(\{a_ n\}\) that are k-convex, \(j\leq k\leq m.\) This result is extended to inequalities of the type \(\sum^{n}_{i=1}\sum^{m}_{j=1}p_{ij}a_ ib_ j\geq 0\) when \(\{a_ i\}\) and \(\{b_ j\}\) are two sequences satisfying higher order convexity properties, but the details are too complex to reproduce here. Under the same conditions (i), (ii) and (iii) with \(j=m,\) the authors show that if \(a\leq \Delta^ ma_ m\leq A,\) \(n\in {\mathbb{N}},\) then \[ \frac{a}{m!}\sum^{n}_{i=1}i^{(m)}p_ i\leq \sum^{n}_{i=1}p_ ia_ i\leq \frac{A}{m!}\sum^{n}_{i=1}i^{(m)}p_ i. \]