Exponentiable morphisms, partial products and pullback complements (Q1112156): Difference between revisions

All categories considered are assumed to be finitely complete. An object A in a category \({\mathcal K}\) is called exponentiable iff the partial product functor \(\square \times A: {\mathcal K}\to {\mathcal K}\) has a right adjoint. Analogously, a morphism s: \(U\to X\) in \({\mathcal K}\) is called exponentiable iff s is exponentiable as an object in the comma category \({\mathcal K}/X\). Exponentiable morphisms play an important role in many categories. The authors investigate the relationship between exponentiable morphisms, partial products and pullback complements. Partial products were introduced by \textit{B. A. Pasynkov} [Trans. Mosc. Math. Soc. 13, 153-272 (1965); translation from Tr. Mosk. Mat. Obshch. 13, 136-245 (1965; Zbl 0147.413)] and can easily be defined in any finitely complete category by a universal property of a diagram given for a morphism s: \(U\to X\) and an additional object Y (the partial product of X over U via s with fibre Y). After some preparations in section 1, among them the useful compatibility of factorization systems with adjoint functors, it is shown in section 2 that a category \({\mathcal K}\) has all partial products over a morphism s: \(U\to X\) iff s is exponentiable. In section 3, the authors prove, among other things, the very interesting equivalence of the following statements for a full and replete, reflective subcategory \({\mathcal A}\) of a category \({\mathcal K}\) and a class \({\mathcal S}\subseteq {\mathcal K}\) of exponentiable morphisms, stable under pullbacks: (1) \({\mathcal A}\) is totally reflective with respect to \({\mathcal S}\). (2) \({\mathcal A}\) is closed under partial products over \({\mathcal S}\). Here, \({\mathcal A}\) is called totally reflective with respect to \({\mathcal S}\) iff for any object X of \({\mathcal K}\) and any s: \(U\to R(X)\) in \({\mathcal S}\) the pullback of the \({\mathcal A}\)-reflection \(r_ X: X\to R(X)\) of X by s, \(s^*(r_ X)\), is uniquely Ob(\({\mathcal A})\)-extendable. In section 4 the relation between exponentiable morphisms, partial products and pullback complements is investigated. It is proved that, for a morphism s: \(U\to X\) in a category \({\mathcal K}\), the following are equivalent: (1) \({\mathcal K}\) has pullback complements over s. (2) s is an exponentiable monomorphism. (3) \({\mathcal K}\) pas partial products over s and s is a monomorphism. A pullback complement over s is a morphism f: \(Q\to U\) together with two more morphisms \(\bar s:\) \(Q\to P\), \(\bar f:\) \(P\to X\), such that the resulting square is a pullback and, moreover, the ``smallest'' pullback for f fixed. Furthermore, the authors show that, for a class \({\mathcal S}\subseteq {\mathcal K}\) stable under pullbacks, the following statements are equivalent: (1) \({\mathcal K}\) has partial products over \({\mathcal S}\) and \({\mathcal S}\) has a classifier. (2) \({\mathcal S}\) consists of exponentiable monomorphisms and has a classifier. In section 5 the crucial result is that, for a class \({\mathcal S}\subseteq {\mathcal K}\) of exponentiable morphisms and a factorization system (\({\mathcal E},{\mathcal M})\) of \({\mathcal K}\), \({\mathcal E}\) is \({\mathcal S}\)-hereditary iff \({\mathcal M}\) is \({\mathcal S}\)-closed. Here, \({\mathcal E}\) is called \({\mathcal S}\)- hereditary iff for any s: \(U\to X\) in \({\mathcal S}\), \(s^*({\mathcal E}_ X)\subseteq {\mathcal E}_ U\) holds, where \(s^*: {\mathcal K}/X\to {\mathcal K}/U\) is the functor ``pulling back along s'' and \({\mathcal E}_ X:={\mathcal E}\cap Ob({\mathcal K}/X)\). If \(s_*: {\mathcal K}/U\to {\mathcal K}/U\) is right adjoint to \(s^*\), \({\mathcal M}\) is called \({\mathcal S}\)-closed provided \(s_*({\mathcal M}_ U)\subseteq {\mathcal M}_ X\) for any \(s\in {\mathcal S}\) and \({\mathcal M}_ X:={\mathcal M}\cap Ob({\mathcal K},X).\) The paper closes with a beautiful characterization of \({\mathcal E}\)- reflective subcategories, which are, in addition, totally reflective with respect to a class \({\mathcal S}\) of morphisms (Theorem 6.1) in section 6. The whole paper is very carefully written and contains a considerable number of deep and well-applicable results.